强化安全管理 改进安全工作

随着我国钢铁企业生产中科技含量的不断增加,自动化程度的逐渐深化,企业的规模也相应的扩大了.然而,在钢铁企业中安全管理中存在的问题变得越来越突出.就我国钢铁企业安全生产的现状作简要论述,并对改进安全工作提出几点意见.     

多孔孔板水力空化反应器的水力特性

设计不同孔分布的孔板空化反应器,通过测定空化数及.OH产生量,研究多孔孔板水力空化反应器空化特性,为高性能多孔孔板水力空化反应器的设计奠定基础。实验结果表明,空化数随孔板孔径的增加、入口压力的减小和溶液温度的升高而增大;.OH产生量随孔板孔径的减小和运行时间的增加而增加,随入口压力和溶液温度的升高先增加后减小。结果表明,多孔孔板水力空化反应器的水力空化效果与孔板结构及操作条件有关。     

Observation study of pedestrian flow on staircases with different dimensions under normal and emergency conditions

Compared with horizontal motion, there were several characteristics in staircase movement. This study focused on the movement characteristics in staircases of typical student crowds and the quantitative relations of flow rate-speed-density in different dimensions of staircases and different circumstances were obtained. Basic data concerning daily movement when classes were over and an evacuation drill for college students was collected through analysis of video observation. From the analysis, the following conclusions can be given: some typical characteristics of pedestrian movement in staircases were found, such as queuing behavior at platform, merging flow at staircase entrance, and subgroup behavior. Movement on stairs was markedly slower than the horizontal motions. In normal condition, the number and initial speed of students entering the staircase affected observably the pedestrians flow, and the impact of staircase attributes (riser, tread, slope, etc.) cannot be neglected. In different conditions, the characteristics of pedestrian movement were quite different, and the influence of the speed on the density was more significant in the emergency condition. The study highlighted the amassment phenomenon at the bottom of the staircase and the potential influence of stair widths to evacuation efficiency in evacuation drill.     

新乡市城市污水对泥鳅的生理毒性与遗传毒性研究

采用鱼体外周血细胞微核技术研究新乡市城市污水对泥鳅的遗传毒性,实验各组(A组、B组、C组、D组)中微核率明显高于对照组(P<0.01).以黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测泥鳅肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活力变化,以赖氏法检测肝组织和血清中的谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)酶活力变化,研究该污水对泥鳅的生理毒性.结果表明,实验各组肝组织中SOD、GOT和GPT酶活力均低于对照组.且随城市污水浓度升高而减小;血清中的SOD、GOT和GPT酶活力均高于对照组,且随城市污水浓度升高而增强.由此可知,直接排放的城市污水对泥鳅有显著的遗传毒性与生理毒性,水样中有致突变酶活力物质存在.     

Statistical analysis of sudden chemical leakage accidents reported in China between 2006 and 2011

According to the data from authoritative sources, 1,400 sudden leakage accidents occurred in China during 2006 to 2011 were investigated, in which, 666 accidents were used for statistical characteristic abstracted with no or little damage. The research results were as follows: (1) Time fluctuation: the yearly number of sudden leakage accidents is shown to be decreasing from 2006 to 2010, and a slightly increase in 2011. Sudden leakage accidents occur mainly in summer, and more than half of the accidents occur from May to September. (2) Regional distribution: the accidents are highly concentrated in the coastal area, in which accidents result from small and medium-sized enterprises more easily than that of the larger ones. (3) Pollutants: hazardous chemicals are up to 95 % of sudden leakage accidents. (4) Steps: transportation represents almost half of the accidents, followed by production, usage, storage, and discard. (5) Pollution and casualties: it is easy to cause environmental pollution and casualties. (6) Causes: more than half of the cases were caused by human factor, followed by management reason, and equipment failure. However, sudden chemical leakage may also be caused by high temperature, rain, wet road, and terrain. (7) The results of principal component analysis: five factors are extracted by the principal component analysis, including pollution, casualties, regional distribution, steps, and month. According to the analysis of the accident, the characteristics, causes, and damages of the sudden leakage accident will be investigated. Therefore, advices for prevention and rescue should be acquired.     

中国农业自然灾害综合区划方案

根据作者提出的全国农业自然灾害综合区划的思路。以自然地理素形成基本单元，结合自然灾害报刊数据库系统，运用自而上区域合并的方法、得到了全国自然灾害区划小区；运用自上而下区域划分的方法，将全国农业自然灾害划分为５个大区、２３个区和１１０个小区，得到了全国农业自然灾害综合区划方案。     

重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制作用微量热研究

用微量热法测定了Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)等四种重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制的产热曲线,得到了黑根霉菌在不同条件下的生长速率常数k,抑制率I,半抑制浓度IC_(50)等参数。实验结果表明,抑制顺序为:Cd~(2+)>Hg~(2+)>Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+);半抑制浓度分别为:Cd~(2+)0.8μg·ml~(-1);Hg~(2+)1.7μg·ml~（-1）;Pb~（2+）48.0μg·ml~(-1);Cu~(2+)110.0μg·ml~(-1)。     

GIS支持下的锡林郭勒盟旱灾救灾区划初探

基于自然灾害系统理论，构建内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的旱灾评价系统模式，表明灾情是致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体综合作用的产物。以锡林郭勒盟的旱灾程度、救灾等级、备灾能力（经济水平与社会状况）、应急能力（物资储备及物流通达水平）、恢复能力（恢复与重建）等重要指标为核心，对锡林郭勒盟的旱灾灾前、灾中、灾后三个阶段的响应能力进行评价与地域划分，并与锡林郭勒盟的旱灾等级区划相结合，构建了灾害-响应程度模型。     

困境与期待：基于生态文明的消费模式转型研究述评与思考

党和政府在“十七大报告”首次将生态文明确定为我国全面建设小康社会的重要战略目标之一。深刻影响并约束人们的生活方式和消费行为，使之更加符合人与自然和谐的长远战略要求，是生态文明建设打破生态环境保护与社会经济发展隔阂的重要突破口。然而，在我国生态文明建设历程中长期以来都存在着“重生产，重技术，轻消费”的问题，因此，如何在转变消费模式上尽快取得突破，是将生态文明建设真正落到实处必须破解的难题。本文在系统回顾、评述国内外十五年来对可持续消费概念的争论、可持续消费驱动因素以及可持续消费战略推进面临的困境与原因的基础上，根据目前生态文明建设的现实需要，对我国消费模式生态化转型面临的主要问题进行了深入的思考和分析，并在此基础上提出了我国消费模式生态化转型亟待突破的五个研究方向。     

Microwave treatment and struvite recovery potential of dairy manure

Microwave digestion of liquid dairy manure was tested for the release of nutrients, such as orthophosphates, ammonia-nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, both with and without the aid of an oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide). The orthophosphate to total phosphorus ratio of the manure increased from 21% to greater than 80% with 5 minutes of microwave treatment. More than 36% of total chemical oxygen demand (t-COD) of the manure was reduced when microwave digestion was assisted with peroxide addition. In addition, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) distribution shifted to simpler chain acids (acetic acid in particular) with an increase in operating temperature. In the second part of the study, digested manure with increased soluble phosphate was tested for the recovery of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) at different pH. It was found that up to 90% of orthophosphate can be removed from the solution. Overall, it was concluded that the oxidizing agent-assisted microwave digestion process can be used upstream of anaerobic digestion, following which the anaerobically digested manure can be used for struvite recovery. Thus, this microwave digestion process presents the potential for enhanced efficiencies in both manure digestion and struvite recovery.