含铬钻井泥浆固化及影响因素

固化技术是含铬钻井泥浆无害化处理最有效的方法。以四川西部某钻井泥浆为研究对象，选取水泥、石灰、聚铝和水玻璃作为固化处理剂，运用正交试验研究了含铬钻井泥浆实验条件。最佳试验配方是：先将泥浆含水率调整为46%，水泥、聚铝、石灰和水玻璃的添加量分别为10%、1%、3%和0.5%。固化72 h，该试验配方对六价铬和总铬的固化率分别达到93%和95%，浸出六价铬浓度符合地下水三类水标准(GB/T14848-9)，浸出总铬浓度符合国家污水综合排放标准（GB5085.3-1996）。     

浙江省梅汛期洪涝灾情分析和预测

通过所构设的雨涝强度、雨涝影响面积等统计量来估计浙江省梅汛期的灾情，有较高的准确率，能估计出极端情况，为灾害评估工作提供了新的思路。     

长江新滩滑坡的历史分析，趋势预测与启示

从对新滩滑坡的历史回顾分析入手，得出新滩滑坡具有时空上的周期性和继承性规律。着重阐述了１９８５年６月１２日新滩滑坡的形成过程，分析了其机理和形成原因，并由此得出对三峡库区滑坡灾害在治理上的重要启示。     

中试螺旋式自循环厌氧反应器处理安乃近制药废水的稳定性能

以制药废水实验了50m3螺旋式厌氧反应器（SPAC反应器）的稳定性。采用AugmentedDickey—Fuller（ADF）单位根检验表明，螺旋式反应器具有良好的启动和运行稳定性。负荷冲击实验显示，SPAC反应器具有较好的耐浓度冲击能力和耐水力冲击能力，所能耐受的最大浓度冲击强度大于60000（mg·h）／L（进水浓度提升2倍），所能耐受的最大水力冲击强度为300（m3·h）／d（进水流量提升50％）。SPAC反应器还具备受扰恢复能力。在反应液pH低于5．74，出水浓度、COD去除率和容积COD去除速率（VRR）分别为3500mg／L、22．30％和2．52kg／（m3·d）的工况下，经过30d恢复，出水浓度、COD去除率和VRR的恢复程度达到80％～90％。     

电化学方法生成羟基自由基及其在酸性铬蓝降解脱色中的应用1)

在电解槽中,以Ｎａ２ＳＯ４为支持电解质,多孔石墨电极为阴极,金属铁为阳极,在１０ｍＡ·ｃｍ－２的阴极电流密度下,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Ｆｅ２＋进行反应,生成羟基自由基(Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂),进而对有机染料进行氧化反应,使其不饱和双键断裂,从而达到有机染料降解、脱色的目的,在生成Ｆｅｎｔｏｎｎ试剂的反应中,Ｆｅ２＋被氧化为 Ｆｅ３＋,生成的 Ｆｅ３＋在阴极得电子后重新被还原为Ｆｅ２＋,因此,在电解槽中 Ｆｅ２＋起着催化剂的作用．ＣＯＤ的去除率大于８０%,脱色率达１００%．脱色速率的测定表明其为一级反应,反应速度常数ｋ等于ｌ．９８ × １０－４ｓ－１．     

Managing Manure from China’s Pigs and Poultry: The Influence of Ecological Rationality

We have investigated manure management practices at three farm scales in Chinese pig and poultry production. The concept of ecological rationality was employed to explore empirically how environmental concerns drive adoption of environmental-friendly manure management technologies at different farm scales. The more developed Rudong County in Jiangsu Province and the less developed Zhongjiang County in Sichuan Province were chosen as cases for study of 258 animal breeders. On the contrary to our hypothesis, medium-scale farmers were not always found to be laggards in adoption of manure management technologies. Government ecological rationality played a key role to induce environmental-friendly technology adoption on its own, but also in cooperation with ecologically rational individual or network drivers. Authorities no longer applied their efforts in a conventional command-and-control way, but more in the form of incentives, stimulation, and information to farmers. Individual farmers in general showed low environmental responsibility in relation to manure handling.     

ALAD genotypes and blood lead levels of neonates and children from e-waste exposure in Guiyu,China

Extensive e-waste recycling activity in Guiyu, China, has been conducted using primitive techniques for the last 20 years, resulting in serious heavy metal environmental contamination. A polymorphic variant of the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene has been found to influence lead uptake and, thus, may influence an individual’s susceptibility to lead toxicity. We therefore explored whether the ALAD gene polymorphism affects blood lead levels of newborns and children in Guiyu. A total of 273 newborns and 504 children, and a combination of 2004/2005 and 2006 independent recruitments were used for this study. Umbilical cord blood from newborns (Guiyu/exposed group 189 vs. Chaonan/reference group 84) and venous blood from children (exposed group, 319 vs. Chendian/reference group 185) were collected. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were measured via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for all samples, while ALAD genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP for 273 neonate cord blood and 246 children’s blood. The median BBLs of neonates in exposed group vs. the reference group were 10.50 (2.36–40.78) vs. 7.79 (0.8–19.51) for 2004/2005 and 9.41 (9.28–47.60) vs. 5.49 (0.35–18.68) for 2006, while child mean BLLs were 15.31?±?5.79 vs. 9.94?±?4.05 for 2004/2005 and 13.17?±?5.98 vs. 10.04?±?4.85 for 2006. The genotype frequencies in newborns were 98.90 % for the ALAD-1/ALAD-1 homozygote and 1.10 % for the ALAD-1/ALAD-2 heterozygotes, while the values were 95.93 and 4.07 %, respectively, in children. The allele frequencies of the ALAD-1 and ALAD-2 were 99.45 and 0.55 % for newborns, but 97.97 and 2.03 % for children, respectively. No significant differences in blood lead levels were found between ALAD-1/ALAD-1 and ALAD-1/ALAD-2 either in newborns or in children. The frequency distribution of the ALAD-2 allele in newborns from the exposed group was lower than that of the reference group. There were no significant differences, between the two different ALAD genotypes in the lead load of newborns and children. The frequency distribution of ALAD gene does not influence the blood lead levels of newborns and children in this case, which means that the higher lead burden in the exposed children was possibly influenced by e-waste recycling, but not ALAD genotypes.     

青藏高原希夏邦马冰芯中阴阳离子的研究

本文对希夏邦马浅冰芯的资料进行了分析，发同离子含量变化显示强烈的周期性变化，反映了季节变化的特征。离子浓度高低变化将指示气候的冷暖变化。并与降水量变化有着反相关关系，与δ＾１８Ｏ存在着对应关系，但δ＾１８Ｏ对气候变化的反映没有各咱郭反映灵敏。     

KB-6C大气采样器故障维修几例

介绍了几例ＫＢ６Ｃ大气采样器常见故障现象以及排除方法。     

Spatial distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils from typical oil-sewage irrigation area, Northeast China

Air pollution is one of the major environmental problems in India, affecting health of thousands of 'urban' residents residing in mega cities. The need of the day is to evolve an 'effective' and 'efficient' air quality management plan (AQMP) encompassing the essential 'key players' and 'stakeholders.' This paper describes the formulation of an AQMP for mega cities like Delhi in India taking into account the aforementioned key 'inputs.' The AQMP formulation methodology is based on past studies of Longhurst et al., (Atmospheric Environment, 30, 3975-3985, 1996); Longhurst & Elsom, ((1997). Air Pollution-II, Vol. 2 (pp. 525-532)) and Beatti et al., (Atmospheric Environment, 35, 1479-1490, 2001). Further, the vulnerability analysis (VA) has been carried out to evaluate the stresses due to air pollution in the study area. The VA has given the vulnerability index (VI) of 'medium to high' and 'low' at urban roadways/intersections and residential areas, respectively.