自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤在纳米氧化铝致斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性中的作用

由于纳米氧化铝(alumina nanoparticles,AlNPs)独特的理化性质,被广泛应用于医药、电子和化妆品等多个领域,但关于AlNPs的早期神经毒性效应及其潜在机制尚未完全阐明.为探讨AlNPs的毒作用机制,以及自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3MA)对AlNPs致斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性的影响,将6 hpf(hours post-fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎分为对照组、3MA组、AlNPs组和AlNPs+3MA组.观察胚胎和幼鱼的形态学变化以及幼鱼的一般毒性,并检测神经行为改变、氧化应激水平以及幼鱼体内自噬相关基因beclin1、lc3Ⅱ和vps34的表达情况.结果表明,各组幼鱼在死亡率、孵化率和畸形率方面无显著性差异.形态学观察结果显示,AlNPs组受精卵在12 hpf和24 hpf出现发育迟缓,加入3MA后,在24 hpf后受精卵发育好转.运动行为检测发现,AlNPs组幼鱼黑暗状态下的平均速度、移动距离和趋触性程度显著降低(P<0.05).在强光刺激下的惊恐逃避反射实验中,AlNPs组幼鱼在光照时的速度显著降低(P<0.05).氧化应激水平检测结果显示,AlNPs组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),而AlNPs组乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05).自噬相关基因beclin1、lc3Ⅱ和vps34在AlNPs组表达均显著升高,加入3MA后,基因表达降低,并具有统计学意义(P<0.05).上述结果表明,AlNPs诱导过度自噬的发生造成斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性,而3MA可以减轻AlNPs引起的氧化损伤并下调自噬相关基因的表达,明显改善AlNPs暴露所致的早期神经毒性.     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.     

土壤有机质测定方法的进展

对土壤有机质测定的3种主要方法及特点和应用范围进行了论述和评价。认为上壤有机质测定方法改进的目标不仅仅是简便、快速、廉价,还应包括无污染。     

利用生物工程治理印染废水及回用中试研究

利用新研制的固定化微生物技术,将筛选的高效优势脱色菌种固定在活性污泥上,投加于＂厌氧－好氧－生物滤池＂工艺流程中,处理印染废水。试验结果表明：固定化脱色菌－活性污泥显示了极大的优越性,出水COD_Cr<50mg/L_,出水色度0.005～0.05（在波长530nm下的光密度）。处理后的水可回收利用。     

Mechanism of ball milled activated carbon in improving the desalination performance of flow- and fixed-electrode in capacitive deionization desalination

● BACs were used in electrode material for both fixed and flowing electrodes. ● ASAR of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 134% and 17%, respectively. ● ENRS of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 21% and 53%. ● The mechanism of improving desalination performance was analyzed in detail. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel electrochemical water-treatment technology. The electrode material is an important factor in determining the ion separation efficiency. Activated carbon (AC) is extensively used as an electrode material; however, there are still many deficiencies in commercial AC. We adopted a simple processing method, ball milling, to produce ball milled AC (BAC) to improve the physical and electrochemical properties of the original AC and desalination efficiency. The BAC was characterized in detail and used for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) electrode materials. After ball milling, the BAC obtained excellent pore structures and favorable surfaces for ion adsorption, which reduced electron transfer resistance and ion migration resistance in the electrodes. The optimal ball-milling time was 10 h. However, the improved effects of BAC as fixed electrodes and flow electrodes are different and the related mechanisms are discussed in detail. The average salt adsorption rates (ASAR) of FCDI and MCDI were improved by 134% and 17%, respectively, and the energy-normalized removal salt (ENRS) were enhanced by 21% and 53%, respectively. We believe that simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly BAC has great potential for practical engineering applications of FCDI and MCDI.     

Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about...     

粉末冶金方法在块状雄黄制备过程As2O3气体污染防治中的应用

针对现有块状雄黄火法制备工艺As2 O3气体污染严重的情况 ,提出了利用粉末冶金方法热压工艺制备块状雄黄的“浮选 化学除杂 热压制块”新工艺流程。并对热压制块工艺进行了试验研究。试验结果表明 ,在较佳工艺条件下可以制备出符合药用要求的较致密的块状雄黄 ,且该工艺不会造成As2 O3气体污染。     

Impact of urban innovation on urban green development in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt: perspectives of scale and network

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding whether and how urban innovation offers a sound solution to the dilemma of urban green development is a crucial response to mitigate the...     

Effectiveness of cascading time series models based on meteorological factors in improving health risk prediction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Meteorological factors, which are periodic and regular in a long run, have an unignorable impact on human health. Accurate health risk prediction...     

改进抽油机井“功率平衡”测试实现节能降耗

目前在抽油机井管理中普遍采用的平衡标准是"电流平衡",并认定电流平衡度在80%～120%之间时抽油机即为平衡。而真正判断抽油机平衡的标准是"功率平衡",即抽油机运行过程中,下冲程内电机平均功率与上冲程内电机平均功率相等。抽油机功率平衡既能实现节能目的,又能保证抽油机安全运行。从2008年7月开始率先在胜利油田进行抽油机功率平衡技术的试验及推广,2008年共调整抽油机功率平衡118井次,平均单日节电21.4kW.h,平均节电率9.90%,取得了良好的节能效果。