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排序方式: 共有292条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
161.
黔中岩溶地区草地土壤CO2的稳定碳同位素组成 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
黔中岩溶地区草地土壤 CO2 的δ13C值在地 -气界面层上随土层深度的增加而降低 ,在地 -气界面层以下 ,土壤 CO2 的δ13C值基本不变 .土壤 CO2 的 δ13C值存在季节变化与昼夜变化的特征 .夏季 CO2 的 δ13C值最高 (-15.5‰ ) ,冬季 CO2 的 δ13C值最低 (-18.9‰) ;从夏季到冬季 ,土壤 CO2 的 δ13C稳定值逐渐降低 ,降低幅度超过 3‰ .在一天中 ,中午土壤 CO2 的 δ13C值最高(-14.0‰ ) ,早晚土壤 CO2 的δ13C值较低 (-15.4‰ ) 相似文献
162.
氯代芳香化合物的KOW与对数拓扑指数和路径指数的相关性 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文用1gKow表征氯代芳香化合物的生物降解能力,并分别以对数拓扑指数(LTI)和路径指数(PI)为自变量,建立了新的预测模型。结果表明,回归方程的预测值与实验值十分吻合,相关系数接近于1,平均标准偏差小于0.1。 相似文献
163.
164.
海南制糖-酒精-能源-农业生态产业模式设计 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
运用产业生态学原理 ,结合研究区的产业特点 ,通过设计物质多级利用的生态工艺与相关生产过程的整合 ,将农业生产、甘蔗制糖、制糖废液生产酒精、酒精废液生产沼气、沼气发电、沼液作为有机肥灌溉农田、电厂固体废弃物生产建材等生产过程有机链接起来 ,一方面解决了海南制糖废液的环境污染问题 ,另一方面也使得 1 2× 1 0 4t糖蜜废液、4 0× 1 0 4t废糟液、2 1 3× 1 0 4t炉渣、2 2 38× 1 0 4t粉煤灰、2 4 0 0× 1 0 4m3 沼气、以及大量沼液、余热等外排废弃物因资源化而得到充分利用 ,提高了资源利用效率 ,与此同时也产生了显著的环境效益和经济效益 相似文献
165.
Effects of Natural Disasters on Conservation Policies: The Case of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Conservation policies are increasing in response to human-induced ecosystem degradation, but little is known about their interplay
with natural disasters. Through an analysis of satellite imagery and field data we evaluated the impacts of a devastating
earthquake on forest recovery and avoided forest loss estimated to have been obtained by two of the largest conservation programs
in the world. Results show that more than 10% of the forests in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, China were immediately
affected by the 2008 earthquake, offsetting some gains in forest cover observed since the enactment of the conservation programs.
But without the enactment of these conservation programs, the combined effects of human disturbance and earthquake-induced
landslides could have severely reduced the region’s forest cover. The continuation—and enhancement—of incentives for participation
in conservation programs will be important for reducing the environmental impacts of the combined effects of human disturbance
and natural hazards not only in the study area but also in many disaster-prone regions around the world. 相似文献
166.
The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
Zeng F Ali S Zhang H Ouyang Y Qiu B Wu F Zhang G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):84-91
The experiments were done to investigate the effect of soil pH and organic matter content on EDTA-extractable heavy metal contents in soils and heavy metal concentrations in rice straw and grains. EDTA-extractable Cr contents in soils and concentrations in rice tissues were negatively correlated with soil pH, but positively correlated with organic matter content. The combination of soil pH and organic matter content would produce the more precise regression models for estimation of EDTA-Cu, Pb and Zn contents in soils, demonstrating the distinct effect of the two factors on the availability of these heavy metals in soils. Soil pH greatly affected heavy metal concentrations in rice plants. Furthermore, inclusion of other soil properties in the stepwise regression analysis improved the regression models for predicting straw Fe and grain Zn concentrations, indicating that other soil properties should be taken into consideration for precise predicting of heavy metal concentrations in rice plants. 相似文献
167.
Wang R Cao H Li W Wang W Wang W Zhang L Liu J Ouyang H Tao S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1413-1418
A dynamic fugacity model was developed to simulate the spatial and seasonal variations of PAHs in Haihe Plain, China. The calculated and measured concentrations exhibited good consistency in magnitude with deviations within a factor of 4 in air and 2 in soil. The spatial distributions of PAHs in air were mainly controlled by emission while the seasonal variations were dominated by emission and gas-particle partition. In soil, the spatial distributions of PAHs were controlled by the soil organic carbon content while the seasonal variations were insignificant. The severest soil contamination was observed in Shanxi and followed by the southwest of Hebei province. Transfer fluxes of total PAHs between air and soil were calculated. The spatial distribution of air-to-soil flux was closely related to the landcover while the soil-to-air flux changed with soil organic matter content. Monte Carlo simulation was done to evaluate the uncertainty of the estimated results in air. 相似文献
168.
燃油锅炉燃烧过程SO2的生成与排放特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
燃料燃烧过程是大气污染物的重要来源之一,对人体健康、空气质量和气候变化产生非常重要的影响。以62台燃油锅炉(≤10.5 MW)的燃料特性分析数据和SO2排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了燃油燃烧过程中燃油硫含量S和过量空气系数α对硫的转化率、SO2排放因子和排放浓度的影响,获得了基于燃料消耗量、燃料发热量的SO2排放因子EFC、EFH以及SO2标态折算浓度C′SO2与硫含量S间的关联式。结果表明,在过量空气系数α>1的燃油燃烧过程中,EFC、EFH、C′SO2与燃油硫含量S呈现出显著的线性正相关性,而与过量空气系数α无关,其关系式分别为:EFC=18.86602×S,EFH=443.78751×S ,C′SO2=1 509.28337×S;硫转化率η和基于燃料硫含量的SO2排放因子EFS则与燃油硫含量S和过量空气系数α无关,其平均值分别为96.3%和1.93 kg/kg。 相似文献
169.
Ning Qin Wei HeXiang-Zhen Kong Wen-Xiu LiuQi-Shuang He Bin YangHui-Ling Ouyang Qing-Mei WangFu-Liu Xu 《Chemosphere》2013
The residual levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere and in dissolved phase from Lake Chaohu were measured by (GC–MS). The composition and seasonal variation were investigated. The diffusive air–water exchange flux was estimated by a two-film model, and the uncertainty in the flux calculations and the sensitivity of the parameters were evaluated. The following results were obtained: (1) the average residual levels of all PAHs (PAH16) in the atmosphere from Lake Chaohu were 60.85 ± 46.17 ng m−3 in the gaseous phase and 14.32 ± 23.82 ng m−3 in the particulate phase. The dissolved PAH16 level was 173.46 ± 132.89 ng L−1. (2) The seasonal variation of average PAH16 contents ranged from 43.09 ± 33.20 ng m−3 (summer) to 137.47 ± 41.69 ng m−3 (winter) in gaseous phase, from 6.62 ± 2.72 ng m−3 (summer) to 56.13 ± 22.99 ng m−3 (winter) in particulate phase, and 142.68 ± 74.68 ng L−1 (winter) to 360.00 ± 176.60 ng L−1 (summer) in water samples. Obvious seasonal trends of PAH16 concentrations were found in the atmosphere and water. The values of PAH16 for both the atmosphere and the water were significantly correlated with temperature. (3) The monthly diffusive air–water exchange flux of total PAH16 ranged from −1.77 × 104 ng m−2 d−1 to 1.11 × 105 ng m−2 d−1, with an average value of 3.45 × 104 ng m−2 d−1. (4) The results of a Monte Carlo simulation showed that the monthly average PAH fluxes ranged from −3.4 × 103 ng m−2 d−1 to 1.6 × 104 ng m−2 d−1 throughout the year, and the uncertainties for individual PAHs were compared. (5) According to the sensitivity analysis, the concentrations of dissolved and gaseous phase PAHs were the two most important factors affecting the results of the flux calculations. 相似文献
170.
为了提高吸附剂对乙烯气体的吸附量,对常见的MCM-41分子筛进行了过渡金属离子改性研究。通过镍离子交换实验,确定了改性条件,改性后的样品对乙烯的吸附行为发生改变。使用镍离子改性后的MCM-41在常温常压下对乙烯的最大吸附量为可达416cm3/g,约为商用颗粒活性炭的6倍,远高于其他文献的报道。吸附质的检测结果说明乙烯在其吸附过程中发生多聚反应,高碳数的直链烯烃为最终产物。CO原位红外吸附的引人证实经过热处理后,一价镍能在镍离子改性后的MCM-41样品中形成并成为乙烯聚合反应的活性中心。 相似文献