城市总体规划区地质灾害危险性评估研究

以河南省新密市城市总体规划区为例,结合评估区地质环境条件和地质灾害特征,进行了地质灾害危险性现状评估。评估区主要地质灾害类型为滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、河岸塌岸、地面不均匀沉陷。在此基础上,结合规划建设用地分类,进行了城市总体规划区地质灾害危险性预测评估和综合评估,并进行了规划建设用地适宜性评价。指出在城市总体规划区地质灾害危险性评估中,规划建设用地类别的变化将可能5I起地质灾害危险性评估结果的变化,地质灾害危险性与规划建设用地适宜性并不总是“危险性大区——适宜性差”“危险性中等区——基本适宜”这样简单的对应关系,评估成果一般难以满足建设用地地质灾害危险性评估的需要。     

聚丙烯酰-6-氨基吡啶的制备及其对重金属离子的吸附

以2，6-二氨基吡啶为原料，合成了功能单体2-丙烯酰-6-氨基吡啶，并将其与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯共聚合成了聚合物吸附剂聚丙烯酰-6-氨基吡啶。考察了聚合物吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附分离性能。实验结果表明：在混合液中Cu²⁺，Zn²⁺，Cd²⁺，Ni²⁺的初始质量浓度均为10 mg/L、聚合物吸附剂加入量为5 g/L、溶液pH=7、吸附时间为10 min的条件下，聚合物吸附剂对各离子的吸附率均大于90%；采用浓度为0.5 mol/L的HCl溶液对吸附后的聚合物吸附剂进行洗脱，4种重金属离子的洗脱率均可达97%以上；该吸附剂具有很好的稳定性，重复使用11次后其对4种重金属离子的饱和吸附量均未有明显的下降。     

Lead (Pb) exposure and heart failure risk

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with widespread industrial use, but it is also a widespread environmental contaminant with serious toxicological...     

Near-roadway monitoring of vehicle emissions as a function of mode of operation for light-duty vehicles

Determination of the effect of vehicle emissions on air quality near roadways is important because vehicles are a major source of air pollution. A near-roadway monitoring program was undertaken in Chicago between August 4 and October 30, 2014, to measure ultrafine particles, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, traffic volume and speed, and wind direction and speed. The objective of this study was to develop a method to relate short-term changes in traffic mode of operation to air quality near roadways using data averaged over 5-min intervals to provide a better understanding of the processes controlling air pollution concentrations near roadways. Three different types of data analysis are provided to demonstrate the type of results that can be obtained from a near-roadway sampling program based on 5-min measurements: (1) development of vehicle emission factors (EFs) for ultrafine particles as a function of vehicle mode of operation, (2) comparison of measured and modeled CO₂ concentrations, and (3) application of dispersion models to determine concentrations near roadways. EFs for ultrafine particles are developed that are a function of traffic volume and mode of operation (free flow and congestion) for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) under real-world conditions. Two air quality models—CALINE4 (California Line Source Dispersion Model, version 4) and AERMOD (American Meteorological Society/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model)—are used to predict the ultrafine particulate concentrations near roadways for comparison with measured concentrations. When using CALINE4 to predict air quality levels in the mixing cell, changes in surface roughness and stability class have no effect on the predicted concentrations. However, when using AERMOD to predict air quality in the mixing cell, changes in surface roughness have a significant impact on the predicted concentrations.

Implications: The paper provides emission factors (EFs) that are a function of traffic volume and mode of operation (free flow and congestion) for LDVs under real-world conditions. The good agreement between monitoring and modeling results indicates that high-resolution, simultaneous measurements of air quality and meteorological and traffic conditions can be used to determine real-world, fleet-wide vehicle EFs as a function of vehicle mode of operation under actual driving conditions.     

海河水生生态系统的研究

本文以调查，分析海河浮游植物，浮游动物，水生维管束植物和大型底栖重托 要生物群落现实结构为主系，系统分析了海河水生生态系统状况，结果表明，水体污染已经对海河水生生态系统产生了明显的有害影响。     

太湖北部藻类生长旺盛期大气氮、磷沉降特征

按照<大气降水样品的采集与保存标准>(GB/T 153580.2-92)收集大气N、P沉降物和降水量,并测定了2007年5～11月太湖北部梅梁湾藻类生长旺盛期间大气TN、TP的干、湿沉降通量.结果表明,太湖北部梅粱湾大气TN月湿沉降通量和月总沉降通量的变化趋势均呈双峰型特征,与当地梅雨和台风侵袭时的降水量呈明显正相关,并且TN的月湿沉降通量高于月干沉降适量,但降水量最少的11月则相反;大气TP月干、月湿沉降通量呈相互交替的变化趋势.大气N沉降物中主要以溶解性氮(TDN)为主,平均约占91.4%;而P沉降物中溶解性磷(TDP)占的比例相对较低,平均约为65.1%.经测定,2007年太湖北部梅梁湾TN和TP的年沉降通量分别为2 976、84.0 kg/km2,相比2002年7月至2003年6月分别下降34.4%和78.7%;2007年太湖北部梅粱湾大气TN的年沉降量高达6 958 t,远超过太湖湖泊生态系统理论允许的TN年沉降量.     

腐殖质含量对填料净化污水效能的影响

掺入与腐殖垃圾级配相同的砂配置腐殖质含量分别为1.09%、0.87%、0.65%、0.44%和0.01%的5种填料，装填0.5 m厚度的试验柱，构建人工快速渗滤系统处理生活污水，并测定饱和水力渗透系数，研究腐殖质含量对填料净化污水效能的影响。结果表明，在相同的水力负荷（1 m/d）和污染负荷下，5种腐殖质填料对COD和TP的平均去除率存在明显差异，腐殖质含量为1.09%、0.87%和0.65%的3种填料对COD的去除率较腐殖质含量为0.01%的填料均高出14%以上。腐殖质含量与TP去除率呈现正相关性。腐殖质含量最高的填料（1#）其初始K值最大达3.23×10^-2 cm/s，约为腐殖质含量最低的填料（5#）的5倍，其稳定运行时间最长。     

填料在净化污水过程中渗透性能变化趋势的研究

选取腐殖垃圾和砂以及两者质量比分别为4:1、3:2、2:3的混合物共5种填料,在1.0 m/d的水力负荷下,进行人工快速渗滤系统净化生活污水的试验,研究填料在进水过程中渗透性能的变化趋势.结果表明,腐殖垃圾的初始饱和水力渗透系数(K)最大,为3.32×10-2cm/s,而砂的初始K只有5.14×10-3cm/s,腐殖垃圾含量越大的混合物其仞始K也越大.在净化污水的过程中,5种填料的K逐渐减小,腐殖垃圾含量越大的混合物其K降幅也越大.随着进水时间的延长,各个填料柱填料层50～250 mm处的水头损失占总水头损失(填料层50～450mm处)的比例均逐渐增加,最终各个填料柱均发生堵塞,堵塞均发生在填料层50mm以上范围内.     

Contamination assessment of mercury and arsenic in roadway dust from Baoji,China

The physicochemical properties and the contamination levels of mercury and arsenic in roadway dust from Baoji, NW China were investigated using an Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. Contamination levels were assessed based on the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. The results show that magnetic susceptibilities of roadway dust were higher than Holocene loess–soil of central Shaanxi Loess Plateau. The mean contents of organic matter, PM10 and PM100 were 8.8%, 21.8% and 98.6%, respectively. Mercury concentration ranged from 0.48 to 2.32 μg g^?1, with a mean value of 1.11 μg g^?1, 17.1 times the Chinese soil mercury background value and 37 times the Shaanxi soil mercury background value. Arsenic concentration ranged from 9.0 to 42.8 μg g^?1, with a mean value of 19.8 μg g^?1, 1.8 times the Chinese and Shaanxi soil arsenic background values. The geoaccumlation index and enrichment factor indicate that mercury in the dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with ratings of “strongly polluted” and “strongly to extremely polluted”, whereas arsenic in dust originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources, with a ratings of “moderately to strongly polluted” and “strongly polluted”. Industrial activities, such as a coal-fired power station, coke-oven plant, and cement manufacturing plant, augmented by vehicular traffic, are the anthropogenic sources of mercury and arsenic in the roadway dust.     

以污泥为载体的金属氧化物脱硝催化剂的研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,用氯化锌、硝酸锰和硝酸铁化学浸渍、高温热解制备脱除NO的催化剂.用微型气固相催化反应装置考察了该催化剂在CO选择性催化还原NO中的应用效果及寿命.实验结果表明:在350～550℃时的催化活性较高,在450℃时NO的最大转化率可达97.1%;催化剂的活性良好,经660 min的活性测试,催化剂的活性只降低了约3%.对该催化剂进行了BET、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析,结果表明,该催化剂具有丰富的晶体结构,而且表面及空隙间负载的活性粒子较多,这些特征也表明该催化剂具有良好的催化性能.