铝灰酸溶法制备聚合氯化铝

以铝灰为原料采用酸溶法制备了聚合氯化铝（PAC），并通过正交实验优化了PAC制备的最佳工艺参数，并考察了自制PAC对废水COD的去除效果。制备PAC的最佳工艺条件为：m（铝灰）∶V（HCl）∶V（H₂O）=10∶20∶40，反应温度85℃，反应时间2.5h，搅拌转速80r/min，熟化时间30h，熟化温度60℃。采用生石灰可高效、经济地调节产品的盐基度，且产品在处理印染废水时COD去除率达64.7%，高于市售同类产品。     

可见光响应的碘掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其作用机理

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物制备了碘掺杂TiO2催化剂(I-TiO2),考察了碘掺杂量、水解水量、水解温度和煅烧温度对催化剂物理化学性质与光催化活性的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示,I-TiO2由锐钛矿相和金红石相组成。在可见光照射下,通过降解水溶液中的苯酚评价了I-TiO2催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,在水解温度为20℃,水解水量为300 mL,煅烧温度为400℃,碘钛比(摩尔比)为20%的制备条件下,催化剂显示了最优的光催化活性。通过向反应体系中引入自由基捕获剂及降低溶解氧,证实光催化降解苯酚主要由光生空穴或吸附的羟基自由基引发。     

植物收割频率对水生植物滤床深度处理养猪废水的影响

采用水生植物滤床系统深度处理养猪废水，开展了不同收割频率条件下系统对污水净化效果的对比研究。实验结果表明，当水力负荷为5 cm/d时，植物收割频率的增加会降低系统对TN和TP的去除效果，而对COD的去除效果则无明显影响。当不进行植物收割时，系统对养猪废水的净化效果最好，对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为71.26%、34.32%和29.52%。因此，合适的植物收割频率是强化APFB系统处理效果的关键因素。     

某人工湖成库初期水环境特征研究

通过对某新建人工湖水温、DO、SD、pH、TN、TP、CODMn、Chla、藻类和水动力条件10项环境因素的特征、趋势分析,研究人工湖成库初期水环境特征。实验结果表明,成库初期,TN、TP等营养盐处于累积高峰期,通过计算N/P比和相关性分析,磷为藻类生长时期的限制性因子;人工湖基本处于准静止状态(流速小于0.1 m/s),为藻类生长提供有利条件;人工湖藻类种类和密度随时间而变动,出现高峰值,在调查阶段主要藻种为蓝、绿藻;叶绿素a含量一直处于较高水平,并分别与TP、SD、pH、DO之间存在显著的相关性。     

基于TOPSIS方法的苏州市循环经济发展绩效评价研究

借助绩效评价理论探索分析了循环经济发展评价的指标和方法，并尝试运用多目标决策方法中的嫡值法（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution，TOPSIS）开展研究试点。通过对苏州市1997～2008年间的循环经济发展绩效进行综合评价，结果表明，10年来苏州市循环经济绩效水平呈U型发展趋势，近年来发展势头良好，但未来在提高低能耗第三产业比例、降低纺织业综合能耗、提高工业电力利用率等方面需要采取更有力的措施；苏州市循环经济发展绩效评价指标体系能够较好地反映该市循环经济发展状况，对于苏南同类城市有一定的借鉴意义；TOPSIS方法较好地避免了主观因素在综合分析过程中的影响，但无法就各评价因子对结果的影响程度、影响途径等进行更深层次的分析，需注意与其他方法相结合。     

碘掺杂TiO2可见光光催化性能研究

在低于100℃温度条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法以钛酸正丁酯为钛源,碘酸钾为碘源,制备了I掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂(I-TiO2),运用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)及X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,TiO2及I-TiO2催化剂均为锐钛矿,I吸附并包裹在TiO2表面或以间隙进入的形式存在,并未进入TiO2晶格。通过在可见光照射下(λ>420 nm)以罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)的光催化降解为探针反应研究了在不同条件下制备催化剂的催化性能,结果表明,掺杂比为nI:nTi=0.05∶1,焙烧温度为400℃,降解介质条件pH=7时,I-TiO2光催化活性明显优于未掺杂的TiO2。光催化降解过程通过红外光谱(IR),总有机碳(TOC)跟踪测定,比较了TiO2掺杂前后降解RhB和对氯苯酚(4-CP)的光催化特性差异;同时采用苯甲酸荧光光度法跟踪测定体系中的氧化物种,表明在可见光下,I-TiO2光催化体系中产生.OH高活性氧化物种从而氧化降解目标化合物。     

水资源短缺条件下绿洲的建设和发展——以卡拉—铁干里克垦区为例

在水资源短缺条件下，垦区农业发展采取了多种经营，发展以棉花、水果和养鹿为主的高效特色农业，同时加强工程建设，进行水资源开源节流，强化管理和对绿洲的保护，这些已成为维持绿洲稳定和促进绿洲农业经济发展的关键措施。     

Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics in outdoor and indoor environments of Nanchang, China, during summer 2009

A study of carbonaceous aerosol was initiated in Nanchang, a city in eastern China, for the first time. Daily and diurnal (daytime and nighttime) PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =2.5 microm) samples were collected at an outdoor site and in three different indoor environments (common office, special printing and copying office, and student dormitory) in a campus of Nanchang University during summer 2009 (5-20 June). Daily PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =10 microm) samples were collected only at the outdoor site, whereas PM2.5 samples were collected at both indoor and outdoor sites. Loaded PM2.5 and PM10 samples were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) by thermal/optical reflectance following the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments-Advanced (IMPROVE-A) protocol. Ambient mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanchang were compared with the air quality standards in China and the United States, and revealed high air pollution levels in Nanchang. PM2.5 accounted for about 70% of PM10, but the ratio of OC and EC in PM2.5 to that in PM10 was higher than 80%, which indicated that OC and EC were mainly distributed in the fine particles. The variations of carbonaceous aerosol between daytime and nighttime indicated that OC was released and formed more rapidly in daytime than in nighttime. OC/EC ratios were used to quantify secondary organic carbon (SOC). The differences in SOC and SOC/OC between daytime and nighttime were useful in interpreting the secondary formation mechanism. The results of (1) OC and EC contributions to PM2.5 at indoor sites and the outdoor site; (2) indoor-outdoor correlation of OC and EC; (3) OC-EC correlation; and (4) relative contributions of indoor and outdoor sources to indoor carbonaceous aerosol indicated that OC indoor sources existed in indoor sites, with the highest OC emissions in I2 (the special printing and copying office), and that indoor EC originated from outdoor sources. The distributions of eight carbon fractions in emissions from the printer and copier showed obviously high OC1 (>20%) and OC2 (approximately 30%), and obviously low EC1-OP (a pyrolyzed carbon fraction) (<10%), when compared with other sources.     

高效液相色谱检测青海湖嗜盐菌胞内积聚的相溶物质四氢嘧啶

从20份青海湖水样中,分离获得了35株中度嗜盐菌株.耐盐梯度实验表明:水体中以中度嗜盐菌为主,约占65.7%;弱嗜盐菌次之,约占25.7%;非嗜盐菌与耐盐菌相对较少,约占8.5%.采用80%乙醇法抽提中度嗜盐菌胞内的Ectoine,利用TLC和HPLC分析,结果表明:青海湖中度嗜盐菌中,大多数胞内积聚相溶物质Ectoine;在最适生长盐度下,中度嗜盐菌QHL1、QHL5、QHL10、QHL26和QHL28的胞内Ectoine含量分别为258.6μg·mL-1、325.47μg·mL-1、208.8μg·mL-1、292.31μg·mL-1和295.13μg·mL-1,以此初步获得5株具有Ectoine高产潜力的野生菌株.     

Persistence of the herbicide butachlor in soil after repeated applications and its effects on soil microbial functional diversity

Effects of repeated applications of the herbicide butachlor (N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro -N-2′,6′-dimethyl acetanilide) in soil on its persistence and soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of butachlor at the recommended dosage in soil were calculated to be 12.5, 4.5, and 3.2 days for the first, second, and third applications, respectively. Throughout this study, no significant inhibition of the Shannon-Wiener index H′ was observed. However, the Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) during the initial 3 days after the first application of butachlor, and thereafter gradually recovered to a similar level to that of the control soil. A similar variation but faster recovery in 1/D and U was observed after the second and third Butachlor applications. Therefore, repeated applications of butachlor led to more rapid degradation of the herbicide, and more rapid recovery of soil microorganisms. It is concluded that repeated butachlor applications in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial communities.