Spatial Extent Of Degraded Sediment Quality In Puget Sound (Washington State, U.S.A.) Based Upon Measures Of The Sediment Quality Triad

A survey was designed and conducted to determine the severity, spatial patterns, and spatial extent of degraded sediment quality in Puget Sound (Washington State, USA). A weight of evidence compiled from results of chemical analyses, toxicity tests, and benthic infaunal analyses was used to classify the quality of sediments. Sediment samples were collected from 300 locations within a 2363 km² area extending from the US/Canada border to the inlets of southern Puget Sound and Hood Canal. Degraded conditions, as indicated with a combination of high chemical concentrations, significant toxicity, and adversely altered benthos, occurred in samples that represented about 1% of the total area. These conditions invariably occurred in samples collected within urbanized bays and industrial waterways, especially near the urban centers of Everett, Seattle, Tacoma, and Bremerton. Sediments with high quality (as indicated by no toxicity, no contamination, and the presence of a relatively abundant and diverse infauna) occurred in samples that represented a majority (68%) of the total study area. Sediments in which results of the three kinds of analyses were not in agreement were classified as intermediate in quality and represented about 31% of the total area. Relative to many other estuaries and marine bays of the USA, Puget Sound sediments ranked among those with minimal evidence of toxicant-induced degradation.     

Synthesis, separation and identification of dinitropyrene isomers

Dinitropyrenes (DNP) were prepared by nitration of pyrene, and the product was characterized by MS and elemental analysis. Three isomers of DNP were separated by HPLC and identified by 1H-NMR. The eating sequence on the normal phase column is 1, 3-DNP, 1, 6-DNP and 1, 8-DNP, whereas is 1, 6-DNP, 1. 8-DNP and 1. 3-DNP on the reversed phase column. The separation of three DNP isomers under different chromatographic conditions was also discussed.     

Determination of dissolved selenium species in environmental samples

This article reports on the technique for the determination of selenium at ppt level and the procedure for the speciation of dissolved selenium in the environmental samples. By combining the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a fluorescent detector (FLD), this technique permits the determination of selenium at 0.001 μg/L for Se(IV) and 0.005 μg/L for Se(VI) and the total concentration of selenium for a sample volume of 20 ml. In the speciation procedure, Se(IV) is firstly determined based on the selectivity of 2, 4 - diaminonaphthalene (DAN), the Se (VI) and the total element concentration are determined after reduced to Se(IV) by boiling in 4 mol/L HCl and by digesting in HNO3-HClO4 mixture, respectively. Discussions are given on the relationship between selenium speciation in waters and soil water extract and solution pH, EH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC).     

发展生态农业 实现农业持续稳定发展

我国是一个农业大国,具备生态农业建设的优势和特点,多年来在建设生态农业工程中,取得了经验,但还存在问题。必须提高生态农业规划目标,制定详尽的措施才能完成农业的持续稳定发展。     

我国电除尘行业2006年发展报告

本文介绍了我国电除尘行业和电除尘技术的发展概况,分析了存在的主要问题,并对电除尘行业的发展进行了预测。     

铁路灾害线路通过能力损失评估模型

针对目前铁路抗灾减灾的实际需要 ,阐述了铁路灾害间接经济损失评估的重要性 ,论证了铁路灾害线路通过能力损失是铁路灾害间接经济损失的主要部分 ,并提出了铁路灾害线路通过能力损失的评估模型     

Climate capacity:the measurement for adaptation to climate change

This article proposed the concept of"climate capacity"as a way of measuring human’s adaptiveness to climate change.This article also focused on the related concepts like ecological carrying capacity,water resources carrying capacity,land carrying capacity as well as population carrying capacity.The concept of climate capacity was articulated against a background of global climate and environmental change.Essentially,China’s efforts to adapt to climate change was a matter of improving climate capacity,which is the ecosystem as well as the frequency,the intensity and the scale of human’s social activities that the climatic resources of a particular geographic area were supposed to support.The climate capacity has two components.One is the natural climate capacity,which includes temperature,sunlight,precipitation,extreme climatic events,etc.The other is the derived climate capacity,which includes water resources,land resources,ecological systems,climatic risks,etc.The climate capacity can be developed or be transferred between regions by taking engineering,technology or regime-based adaptive measures.However,these adaptive measures must be implemented under the principle of economic rationalism,ecological integrity,climate protection,and social justice.It is expected that by combining the climate capacity and its threshold value with the assessment of climate change risks,we are able to predict the optimal population carrying capacity and the scale of socioeconomic development,and furthermore,provide policy support for the socioeconomic development strategy and adaptive planning.In the regions with high climate capacity,there is a symbiotic relationship between adaptation and socioeconomic development.But,in the regions with limited climate capacity,irrational development may further damage the environment.Taking the Yangtze River delta,a region with high climate capacity,and a region of Ningxia,a region with limited climate capacity,as illustrative examples,the authors of this article analyzed the policy implications of climate capacity and further made suggestions on the problems of capacitylimited adaptation and development-driven adaptation.This article argued that the concept of climate capacity can not only be used as an analytical instrument of climate change economics,but also it can provide research support for planning regional adaptation and development with climate change impact and risk assessments.     

两座高原水库蓝藻群落结构与微囊藻毒素的分布对比研究

为了了解贵州高原水库蓝藻群落组成特征和微囊藻毒素分布,于2009年10月对贵州高原2座水库——万峰湖和百花湖采样调查。结果表明:万峰湖以蓝藻为主要优势藻,蓝藻中的拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis sp.)占绝对优势,浮游植物丰度在13.05×104～55.80×104 cells.L-1之间,蓝藻的丰度值占到了总量的82.55%,6个采样点中有3个(大坝、野鸭滩和革布)检出了微囊藻毒素MC-RR,且有1个点(革布)质量浓度超标,另外3个点(坝艾、坝达章和九里堡)未检出;百花湖以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻共同构成优势藻,蓝藻中的假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)是主要优势藻,浮游植物丰度在6.16×104～65.00×104 cells.L-1之间,蓝藻的丰度值在总体中所占比例为33.25%,3个采样点(大坝、岩脚寨和码头)均未检出微囊藻毒素。形成2个高原水库蓝藻群落结构和微囊藻毒素分布差异的原因可能是:2个水库中氮、磷营养盐水平不同引起浮游植物群落组成不同,进而导致了微囊藻毒素的分布出现差异。