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121.
Proper identification of environment's air quality based on limited observations is an essential task to meet the goals of environmental management. Various classification methods have been used to estimate the change of air quality status and health. However, discrepancies frequently arise from the lack of clear distinction between each air quality, the uncertainty in the quality criteria employed and the vagueness or fuzziness embedded in the decision-making output values. Owing to inherent imprecision, difficulties always exist in some conventional methodologies when describing integrated air quality conditions with respect to various pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents two fuzzy multiplication synthetic techniques to establish classification of air quality. The fuzzy multiplication technique empowers the max-min operations in "or" and "and" in executing the fuzzy arithmetic operations. Based on a set of air pollutants data carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter (PM(10)) collected from a network of 51 stations in Klang Valley, East Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak were utilized in this evaluation. The two fuzzy multiplication techniques consistently classified Malaysia's air quality as "good." The findings indicated that the techniques may have successfully harmonized inherent discrepancies and interpret complex conditions. It was demonstrated that fuzzy synthetic multiplication techniques are quite appropriate techniques for air quality management. 相似文献
122.
The central objective of this project was to utilize geographical information systems and remote sensing to compare soil erosion models, including Modified Pacific South-west Inter Agency Committee (MPSIAC), Erosion Potential Method (EPM), and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), and to determine their applicability for arid regions such as Kuwait. The northern portion of Umm Nigga, containing both coastal and desert ecosystems, falls within the boundaries of the de-militarized zone (DMZ) adjacent to Iraq and has been fenced off to restrict public access since 1994. Results showed that the MPSIAC and EPM models were similar in spatial distribution of erosion, though the MPSIAC had a more realistic spatial distribution of erosion and presented finer level details. The RUSLE presented unrealistic results. We then predicted the amount of soil loss between coastal and desert areas and fenced and unfenced sites for each model. In the MPSIAC and EPM models, soil loss was different between fenced and unfenced sites at the desert areas, which was higher at the unfenced due to the low vegetation cover. The overall results implied that vegetation cover played an important role in reducing soil erosion and that fencing is much more important in the desert ecosystems to protect against human activities such as overgrazing. We conclude that the MPSIAC model is best for predicting soil erosion for arid regions such as Kuwait. We also recommend the integration of field-based experiments with lab-based spatial analysis and modeling in future research. 相似文献
123.
Afifa Malik Abdullah Yasar Amtul Bari Tabinda Ihsan Elahi Zaheer Khalida Malik Adeeba Batool Yusra Mahfooz 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(4):189
Th aim of this study is to investigate spatio-temporal trends of dengue vector breeding and epidemic (disease incidence) influenced by climatic factors. The spatio-temporal (low-, medium-, and high-intensity periods) evaluation of entomological and epidemiological investigations along with climatic factors like rainfall (RF), temperature (Tmax), relative humidity (RH), and larval indexing was conducted to develop correlations in the area of Lahore, Pakistan. The vector abundance and disease transmission trend was geo-tagged for spatial insight. The sufficient rainfall events and optimum temperature and relative humidity supported dengue vector breeding with high larval indices for water-related containers (27–37%). Among temporal analysis, the high-intensity period exponentially projected disease incidence followed by post-rainfall impacts. The high larval incidence that was observed in early high-intensity periods effected the dengue incidence. The disease incidence had a strong association with RF (r = 0.940, α = 0.01). The vector larva occurrence (r = 0.017, α = 0.05) influenced the disease incidence. Similarly, RH (r = 0.674, α = 0.05) and average Tmax (r = 0.307, α = 0.05) also induced impact on the disease incidence. In this study, the vulnerability to dengue fever highly correlates with meteorological factors during high-intensity period. It provides area-specific understanding of vector behavior, key containers, and seasonal patterns of dengue vector breeding and disease transmission which is essential for preparing an effective prevention plan against the vector. 相似文献
124.
The ability of firefighting vehicles and staff to reach a fire area as quickly as possible is critical in fighting against
forest fires. In this study, a Geographical Information System-based decision support system was developed to assist fire
managers in determining the fastest and the safest or more reliable access routes from firefighting headquarters to fire areas.
The decision support system was tested in the Kahramanmaras Forestry Regional Directoratein the Mediterranean region of Turkey.
The study area consisted of forested lands which had been classified according to fire sensitivity. The fire response routing
simulations considered firefighting teams located in 20 firefighting headquarter locations. The road network, the locations
of the firefighting headquarters, and possible fire locations were mapped for simulation analysis. In alternative application
simulations, inaccessible roads which might be closed due to fire or other reasons were indicated in the network analysis
so that the optimum route was not only the fastest but also the safest and most reliable path. The selection of which firefighting
headquarters to use was evaluated by considering critical response time to potential fire areas based on fire sensitivity
levels. Results indicated that new firefighting headquarters should be established in the region in order to provide sufficient
firefighting response to all forested lands. In addition, building new fire access roads and increasing the design speed on
current roads could also increase firefighting response capabilities within the study area. 相似文献
125.
A comparison of radiometric correction techniques in the evaluation of the relationship between LST and NDVI in Landsat imagery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atmospheric corrections for multi-temporal optical satellite images are necessary, especially in change detection analyses,
such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) rationing. Abrupt change detection analysis using remote-sensing techniques
requires radiometric congruity and atmospheric correction to monitor terrestrial surfaces over time. Two atmospheric correction
methods were used for this study: relative radiometric normalization and the simplified method for atmospheric correction
(SMAC) in the solar spectrum. A multi-temporal data set consisting of two sets of Landsat images from the period between 1991
and 2002 of Penang Island, Malaysia, was used to compare NDVI maps, which were generated using the proposed atmospheric correction
methods. Land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved using ATCOR3_T in PCI Geomatica 10.1 image processing software. Linear
regression analysis was utilized to analyze the relationship between NDVI and LST. This study reveals that both of the proposed
atmospheric correction methods yielded high accuracy through examination of the linear correlation coefficients. To check
for the accuracy of the equation obtained through linear regression analysis for every single satellite image, 20 points were
randomly chosen. The results showed that the SMAC method yielded a constant value (in terms of error) to predict the NDVI
value from linear regression analysis-derived equation. The errors (average) from both proposed atmospheric correction methods
were less than 10%. 相似文献
126.
Raghavendra S. Hebbar Arun M. Isloor Inamuddin Abdullah M. Asiri 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(4):643-671
The development of membrane-based desalination and water purification technologies offers new alternatives to meet the global freshwater demand. Rapid advancement in carbon nanotube-based and graphene-based nanomaterials has drawn the attention of scientific investigators on various desalination technologies. These nanomaterials indeed offer advantageous structure, size, shape, porosity and mass transport behavior for membrane separation process. This article reviews theoretical and experimental investigations of carbon nanotube- and graphene-based composite materials for desalination. Special attention is given to the simulation of molecular transport through these materials. Further, recent advances in the application of functionalization of carbon nanotube- and graphene-based materials for salt rejection and hydraulic permeation properties are discussed. 相似文献
127.
?eref Turhan ?smail H. Ar?kan Abdullah K?se Ahmet Varinlio?lu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):555-561
The purpose of this study is to assess potential radiological impacts of utilizing pulverized fly ash (PFA) as a constituent in ordinary Portland cement. For this purpose, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in samples of PFA and Portland cement containing 15%, 20%, and 25% by mass PFA were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry with HPGe detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were found as 366.6, 113.7, and 460.2 Bq kg???1, 94.2, 25.9, and 215.3 Bq kg???1, 113.7, 34.3, and 238.3 Bq kg???1, and 124.2, 41.8, and 279.3 Bq kg???1 for the examined samples of PFA, Portland cement with 15%, 20%, and 25% by mass PFA, respectively. Radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity, external exposure index (activity concentration index), internal dose index (alpha index), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate, and the corresponding the annually effective dose were assessed for Portland cement samples containing three percentages (15%, 20%, and 25%) by mass PFA. The results of assessment show that all Portland cement samples are within the safe limits recommended for building materials for dwellings. 相似文献
128.
Understanding of groundwater salinity using statistical modeling in a small tropical island,East Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sarva Mangala Praveena Mohd Harun Abdullah Kawi Bidin Ahmad Zaharin Aris 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(3):279-287
This paper presents an understanding of groundwater salinity by identification of effective factors using chemometric methods
(cluster analysis and multiple linear regressions) in Manukan Island, Sabah. Local groundwater and environmental properties
were used to explore the effective factors of groundwater salinity. Cluster analysis showed salinity and chloride illustrated
the highest similarities. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were also grouped in the same cluster. Seawater
is the only chloride source in groundwater of Manukan Island demonstrated an indication of seawater mixing in freshwater.
It is an effect of upward movement of the seawater by pumping activities. Precipitation and evapotranspiration (environmental
condition) with hydraulic heads were clustered together to show that they also influence salinity concentration in groundwater.
Multiple linear regressions showed descending order of the factors from chloride (the largest contribution) to evapotranspiration
(the smallest contribution) and illustrated the contribution to groundwater salinity in Manukan Island. The integrated results
using chemometric methods have provided a way to identify the effective factors on groundwater salinity. This similar approach
and resulting equation can be applied in other small tropical islands with alike hydrogeological condition and limited information
available for a better understanding of its groundwater salinity. 相似文献
129.
Hassan N. S. Jalil A. A. Khusnun N. F. Ahmad A. Abdullah T. A. T. Kasmani R. M. Norazahar N. Kamaroddin M. F. A. Vo D. V. N. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):311-333
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named ‘hydrogen,’ is considered as a promising renewable fuel that does not emit carbon dioxide upon combustion. Nonetheless,... 相似文献
130.
Abdullah Al Mamun Akhtar Aysha Barua Hillol Kamal Abu Hena Mustafa Islam Md. Shafiqul AftabUddin Sheikh Idris Mohd Hanafi Abualreesh Muyassar H. Modeo Letizia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(44):66389-66404
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Macroinvertebrate community in the intertidal setup plays an important role in coastal ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycle. However,... 相似文献