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71.
72.
International retirement migration in the Alicante region,Spain: process,spatial pattern and environmental impacts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ingo Zasada Susana Alves Felix Claus Müller Annette Piorr Regine Berges Simon Bell 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(1):125-141
International retirement migration has become an increasing phenomenon in the Mediterranean region of Alicante, Spain. Through an interdisciplinary approach, relationships between the migration process, landscape change and environmental impacts are examined. Lifestyle-related perceptions and demands of UK retirees are studied as a major driving force of urbanisation. The extent and quality of the process is assessed by statistical and land use data analysis. Results reveal a distinctive spatial pattern of in-migration and the emergence of an archetypical landscape, consisting of a mosaic of remaining natural and urbanised landscape along the Mediterranean coast. The paper discusses the necessity of retirees' integration into sustainable planning and decision making. 相似文献
73.
Paolo Luschi Susanne Åkesson Annette C. Broderick Fiona Glen Brendan J. Godley Floriano Papi Graeme C. Hays 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2001,50(6):528-534
Like many animals migrating through the oceans, sea turtles face difficult navigational tasks when they have to reach distant, specific sites. The paradigmatic case of Brazilian green turtles (Chelonia mydas), which nest on the tiny Ascension Island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, has often been the subject of hypotheses concerning their navigational mechanisms. To investigate their nature, we displaced 18 females from Ascension and tracked them by satellite after release from eight different points in the ocean, 60-450 km away from the island. Four turtles moved to Brazil soon after the release, 4 moved in various directions before heading to Brazil, and 10 reached the island. All the successful trips, bar 1, were winding but ended with a final straight segment of variable length, as if the turtles were searching for a sensory contact with the island which they obtained at various distances. The approach to Ascension mostly occurred from the direction opposite to the trade wind, suggesting a navigational role of wind-borne information originating from the island. 相似文献
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75.
Birgit Reger Patrick Sheridan Dietmar Simmering Annette Otte Rainer Waldhardt 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):1026-1038
Farmland habitat diversity in marginal European landscapes changed significantly in the past decades. Further changes toward
homogenization are expected, particularly in the course of European agricultural policy. Based on three alternative transfer
payment schemes, we modeled spatially explicit potential effects on the farmland habitat diversity in a marginal European
landscape. We defined (1) a scenario with direct transfer payments coupled to production, (2) a scenario with direct transfer
payments decoupled from production, and (3) a scenario phasing out all direct transfer payments. We characterized habitat
diversity with three indices: habitat richness, evenness, and rarity. The habitat pattern in 1995 served as reference for
comparison. All scenarios predicted a general trend of homogenization of the farmland habitat pattern, yet to a differing
extent. Transfer payments coupled to production (Scenario 1) favored the abandonment of agricultural production, particularly
in low-productive areas and arable land use in more productive areas. Habitat richness and habitat evenness had intermediate
values in this scenario. Decoupling transfer payments from production (Scenario 2) supported grassland as most profitable
farming system. This led to a grassland-dominated landscape with low values of all habitat diversity indices. Phasing out
transfer payments (Scenario 3) resulted in complete abandonment or afforestation of agricultural land and extremely low values
in all habitat diversity indices. Scenario results indicate that transfer payments may prevent cessation of agricultural production,
but may not counteract homogenization in marginal landscapes. Conserving high farmland habitat diversity in such landscapes
may require support schemes, e.g., Pillar Two of EU Common Agricultural Policy. 相似文献
76.
77.
Standardized reporting of the costs of management interventions for biodiversity conservation 下载免费PDF全文
Gwenllian D. Iacona William J. Sutherland Bonnie Mappin Vanessa M. Adams Paul R. Armsworth Tim Coleshaw Carly Cook Ian Craigie Lynn V. Dicks James A. Fitzsimons Jennifer McGowan Andrew J. Plumptre Tal Polak Andrew S. Pullin Jeremy Ringma Ian Rushworth Andrea Santangeli Annette Stewart Ayesha Tulloch Jessica C. Walsh Hugh P. Possingham 《Conservation biology》2018,32(5):979-988
Effective conservation management interventions must combat threats and deliver benefits at costs that can be achieved within limited budgets. Considerable effort has focused on measuring the potential benefits of conservation interventions, but explicit quantification of the financial costs of implementation is rare. Even when costs have been quantified, haphazard and inconsistent reporting means published values are difficult to interpret. This reporting deficiency hinders progress toward a collective understanding of the financial costs of management interventions across projects and thus limits the ability to identify efficient solutions to conservation problems or attract adequate funding. We devised a standardized approach to describing financial costs reported for conservation interventions. The standards call for researchers and practitioners to describe the objective and outcome, context and methods, and scale of costed interventions, and to state which categories of costs are included and the currency and date for reported costs. These standards aim to provide enough contextual information that readers and future users can interpret the cost data appropriately. We suggest these standards be adopted by major conservation organizations, conservation science institutions, and journals so that cost reporting is comparable among studies. This would support shared learning and enhance the ability to identify and perform cost‐effective conservation. 相似文献
78.
Satellite telemetry reveals behavioural plasticity in a green turtle population nesting in Sri Lanka
Peter Bradley Richardson Annette C. Broderick Michael S. Coyne Lalith Ekanayake Thushan Kapurusinghe Chandralal Premakumara Susan Ranger M. M. Saman Matthew J. Witt Brendan J. Godley 《Marine Biology》2013,160(6):1415-1426
Satellite transmitters were deployed on ten green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting in Rekawa Sanctuary (RS-80.851°E 6.045°N), Sri Lanka, during 2006 and 2007 to determine inter-nesting and migratory behaviours and foraging habitats. Nine turtles subsequently nested at RS and demonstrated two inter-nesting strategies linked to the location of their residence sites. Three turtles used local shallow coastal sites within 60 km of RS during some or all of their inter-nesting periods and then returned to and settled at these sites on completion of their breeding seasons. In contrast, five individuals spent inter-nesting periods proximate to RS and then migrated to and settled at distant (>350 km) shallow coastal residence sites. Another turtle also spent inter-nesting periods proximate to RS and then migrated to a distant oceanic atoll and made forays into oceanic waters for 42 days before transmissions ceased. This behavioural plasticity informs conservation management beyond protection at the nesting beach. 相似文献
79.
Annette Fliedner Heinz Rüdel Heinrich Jürling Josef Müller Frank Neugebauer Christa Schröter-Kermani 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2012,24(1):1-15
Background
Polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], perfluorinated compounds, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs] were retrospectively analyzed in archived herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from the North and the Baltic Sea over the last 20 years. The aim was to assess temporal trends and effects of regulatory measures.Results
PCBs (sum of 7 congeners) were highest in eggs from the North Sea island Trischen, i.e., 3,710 to 20,760 ng/g lipid weight [lw] compared to 2,530 to 11,650 ng/g lw on the North Sea island Mellum and 4,840 to 9,190 ng/g lw on the Baltic Sea island Heuwiese. During the study period, PCBs decreased significantly. Concentrations of PFOS ranged between 46 and 170 ng/g wet weight [ww] at Trischen, 39 to 99 ng/g ww at Mellum, and 20 to 159 ng/g ww at Heuwiese. Since 2000 and 2003, concentration levels decreased in eggs from Mellum and Heuwiese, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid was the dominant perfluorinated carboxylic acid in the North Sea eggs (Trischen 2.0 to 74 ng/g ww; Mellum 2.6 to 118 ng/g ww), whereas perfluoroundecanoate [PFUnA] and perfluorodecanoate [PFDA] (means 3.9 ± 3.6 ng/g and 2.9 ± 2.3 ng/g ww, respectively) dominated in the Baltic Sea eggs. At all three locations, longer-chained perfluorinated carboxylic acids (perfluorononanoate, PFDA, PFUnA, perfluorododecanoate) increased during the monitoring period. PBDE concentrations (sum of 35 congeners) in eggs were in the ranges of 282 to 2,059 ng/g lw (Mellum), 116 to 1,722 ng/g (Trischen), and 232 to 2,021 ng/g lw (Heuwiese). Congeners associated with commercial Penta- and Octa-BDE formulations decreased during the study period. No decrease was observed for technical Deca-BDE.Conclusion
Effects of regulatory measures were apparent for PCBs and Penta- and Octa-BDE, while no consistent trend is noticeable for PFOS. 相似文献80.
Akiko Shoji Ellie Owen Mark Bolton Ben Dean Holly Kirk Annette Fayet Dave Boyle Robin Freeman Chris Perrins Stéphane Aris-Brosou Tim Guilford 《Marine Biology》2014,161(9):2121-2129
How central-place foragers change search strategy in response to environmental conditions is poorly known. Foragers may vary the total distance travelled and how far they range from the central place in response to variation in the distribution of their prey. One potential reason as to why they would extend the length of their foraging trip and its distance from the colony would be to increase prey quality or quantity, despite incurring higher transit costs. To test this trade-off hypothesis in a species with high flight costs, we recorded the foraging behaviour of razorbills (Alca torca) using state-of-the-art techniques that log both individual horizontal (flight activity) and vertical (dive activity) movements. We show that the distance that razorbills travelled to foraging locations increased with sea-surface temperature, which may relate to higher prey quality or quantity. This relation is supported by an indirect index of patch quality, based on dive profiles, which also increased with travel distance from the colony. Furthermore, we show that this index was highest during the daily peak in diving activity, around midday. Taken together, these results suggest that razorbills are capable of adjusting their search strategies sensitively in response to proximate environmental cues. 相似文献