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21.
Phosphine by bio-corrosion of phosphide-rich iron 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dietmar Glindemann Frank Eismann Armin Bergmann Peter Kuschk Ulrich Stottmeister 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(2):71-74
Phosphine is a toxic agent and part of the phosphorus cycle. A hitherto unknown formation mechanism for phosphine in the environment was investigated. When iron samples containing iron phosphide were incubated in corrosive aquatic media affected by microbial metabolites, phosphine was liberated and measured by gas chromatography. Iron liberates phosphine especially in anoxic aquatic media under the influence of sulfide and an acidic pH. A phosphine-forming mechanism is suggested: Phosphate, an impurity of iron containing minerals, is reduced abioticly to iron phosphide. When iron is exposed to the environment (e.g. as outdoor equipment, scrap, contamination in iron milled food or as iron meteorites) and corrodes, the iron phosphide present in the iron is suspended in the medium and can hydrolyze to phosphine. Phosphine can accumulate to measurable quantities in anoxic microbial media, accelerating corrosion and preserving the phosphine formed from oxidation. 相似文献
22.
Bieser J Aulinger A Matthias V Quante M Denier van der Gon HA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2935-2946
The vertical allocation of emissions has a major impact on results of Chemistry Transport Models. However, in Europe it is still common to use fixed vertical profiles based on rough estimates to determine the emission height of point sources. This publication introduces a set of new vertical profiles for the use in chemistry transport modeling that were created from hourly gridded emissions calculated by the SMOKE for Europe emission model. SMOKE uses plume rise calculations to determine effective emission heights. Out of more than 40 000 different vertical emission profiles 73 have been chosen by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. These profiles show large differences to those currently used in many emission models. Emissions from combustion processes are released in much lower altitudes while those from production processes are allocated to higher altitudes. The profiles have a high temporal and spatial variability which is not represented by currently used profiles. 相似文献
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Martin Paulus Monika Altmeyer Roland Klein Armin Hildebrandt Peter Ostapczuk Konstantin Oxynos 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1994,6(6):375-383
Ein sinnvoller Einsatz von Akkumulationsindikatoren erfordert zur Qualit?tssicherung neben den vorhandenen Laborstandards
ein anspruchsvolles Probenahmeverfahren, um repr?sentative und reproduzierbate Aussagen über einen Untersuchungsraum treffen
zu k?nnen. Am Beispiel der Regenwürmer wird exemplarisch ein Probenahmeverfahren für landwirtschaftliche R?ume entwickelt
und vorgeführt. Erste Ergebnisse der in den Wurm- und Kotproben gemessenen polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe,
der chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffe und der Elemente werden dargestellt. Die Schadstoffgehalte der vergleichbaren Wurmproben
belegen, da? es die repr?sentative Probenahmestelle in einem Untersuchungsgebiet nicht gibt. Die Heterogenit?t des Untersuchungsraumes
kann nur durch eine geschichtete Zufallsstichprobe mit einer ausreichenden Anzahl von Einzelproben erfa?t werden. 相似文献
29.
Cadmium (Cd) adsorption on 14 non-calcareous New Jersey soils was investigated with a batch method. Both adsorption edge and isotherm experiments were conducted covering a wide range of soil composition, e.g. soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration ranging from 0.18% to 7.15%, and varying Cd concentrations and solution pH. The SOC and solution pH were the most important parameters controlling Cd partition equilibrium between soils and solutions in our experimental conditions. The Windermere humic aqueous model (WHAM) was used to calculate Cd adsorption on soils. The effect of solution chemistry (various pH and Cd concentrations) on Cd adsorption can be well accounted for by WHAM. For different soil compositions, SOC concentration is the most important parameter for Cd binding. Only a fraction of SOC, the so-called active organic carbon (AOC), is responsible for Cd binding. We found a linear relationship between SOC and AOC based on the adsorption edge data. The linear relationship was validated by the independent data sets: adsorption isotherm data, which presumably can be used to predict Cd partition equilibrium across a wide range of soil compositions. The modeling approach presented in this study helps to quantitatively predict Cd behavior in the environment. 相似文献
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We performed a trace analytical study covering nine hormonally active UV-filters by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS in river water and biota. Water was analysed at 10 sites above and below wastewater treatment plants in the river Glatt using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Four UV-filters occurred in the following order of decreasing concentrations; benzophenone-4 (BP-4) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3) > 3-(4-methyl)benzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) > 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC). BP-4 ranged from 0.27 to 24.0 μg/POCIS, BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC up to 0.1 μg/POCIS. Wastewater was the most important source. Levels decreased with higher river water flow. No significant in-stream removal occurred. BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC were between 6 and 68 ng/L in river water. EHMC was accumulated in biota. In all 48 macroinvertebrate and fish samples from six rivers lipid-weighted EHMC occurred up to 337 ng/g, and up to 701 ng/g in 5 cormorants, suggesting food-chain accumulation. UV-filters are found to be ubiquitous in aquatic systems. 相似文献