环保型棉纺织品耐久阻燃系统

本文介绍两类环保型棉纺织品耐久阻燃系统，一类是无卤锑系统，另一类是无甲醛或低甲醛系统。前一类包括磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂、有机磷酸酯及多元醇磷酰氯；后一类包括低甲醛的磷氮系、磷酸酯-膦酸酯齐聚物-低甲醛含量树脂复合系统、烷基氨基磷酸酯-氯化铵加合物、多羧酸酯等。后两者系无甲醛配方。     

Evaluating Hydrologically Connected Surface Water and Groundwater Using a Groundwater Model

Determination of the nature and extent of the connection between groundwater and surface water is of paramount importance to managing water supplies. The development of analyses that detail the surface water‐groundwater system may lead to more effective utilization of available water. A tool was developed to help determine the effects of groundwater and surface water interactions. The software tool includes two graphic user interfaces to allow full compatibility with numerical MODFLOW groundwater models. This case study shows the tool, in conjunction with MODFLOW groundwater models and carefully designed scenarios, can successfully calculate the rates of stream‐groundwater interactions, thereby providing the basis for designating management areas with the most significant hydrologic impact. This tool can be applied in other regions with similar settings and needs for integrated water management.     

城市污水处理厂进水浓度偏低原因分析及对策研究

城市污水处理厂进水浓度偏低是南方地区许多城市面临的共同问题,既影响废水主要污染物COD的减排成效,制约水环境质量的改善,也在一定程度上造成城市污水处理工程的投资浪费.以张家界市中心城区污水处理厂为例,通过现场勘测与监测分析,考察了管网渗漏、雨污合流、地表水渗入、管网反坡和管网颗粒物沉积等因素,探究造成该市城市污水处理厂进水浓度偏低的主要原因,并在此基础上提出有针对性的对策建议,供管理部门参考.     

陕西关中地区农村生活污水处理模式研究

为了探索关中地区农村生活污水处理的科学模式,对当地自然环境、污水特点进行了调查,结合关中地区农村经济社会状况,提出了3种农村污水处理模式：镇带村集中处理、农村集中连片处理和农村分散处理。同时对农村生活污水处理技术和模式的选用原则进行了分析,指出农村生活污水处理技术和模式的选用,应与当地自然环境特点、污水特点、污水排放回用要求、经济发展水平、运行管理水平、居民的风俗习惯等6个方面相适应,部分村庄应采用集中处理与分散处理相结合的模式。     

Cu循环催化羟胺与氧气反应降解甲基橙

为研究Cu/O₂/HA(HA为盐酸羟胺)体系的氧化能力,以MO(甲基橙)为目标物,对该体系生成·OH(羟基自由基)的过程及机理进行了探讨,并分别考察了HA投加量(以c计)、pH、Cu(Ⅱ)投加量(以c计)和O₂通量对MO降解的影响. 结果表明:Cu能够有效催化HA与O₂的反应,生成大量H₂O₂,并进一步生成·OH,有效降解MO. HA投加量越高,MO降解率越高,但过高的HA投加量在初始阶段会对MO的降解形成抑制,最佳HA投加量为3 mmol/L;受到HA质子化的影响,反应的最适pH约为5.5;由于Cu(OH)₂不利于催化HA与O₂的反应,最佳Cu(Ⅱ)投加量为20 μmol/L;O₂通量对MO的降解影响较小,最佳O₂通量为0.15 L/min;Cu/O₂/HA体系降解MO的初始阶段符合一级动力学模型. 研究显示,Cu/O₂/HA体系具有良好的氧化能力,能够有效降解水中的MO,最佳反应条件下MO降解率达86.5%.      

污泥干化焚烧输送系统的优化改造研究

剩余污泥与其它可燃性物质有质的差异,给污泥干化系统的操作带来了较多难以控制的问题.干化污泥的输送决定着焚烧炉的进料,影响着炉膛内温度的控制以及污泥干化焚烧的运行效率.针对流化床污泥干化焚烧系统干化污泥的输送分析了在实际操作中存在的问题,也是污泥干化普遍存在的问题,提出了优化改造方案并实施设备改造.通过对输送系统的优化和改造,提高了运行效率,降低了设备故障率、检修强度和费用,方便了维护和检修.     

Early responses of soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen to forest gap harvesting of a Pinus massoniana plantation in the upper reaches of Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

To understand the short-term effects of forest gap by human harvesting on soil available nutrient in Pinus massoniana plantations, the variations of soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in the gap center and gap edge during growing season were observed in seven gaps of different size (Gl: 100 m2; G2:225 m2; G3:400 m2; G4:625 m2; G5:900 m2; G6:1225 m2; G7:1600 m2) and pure understory of a 39-year-old masson pine plantation in a hilly area of the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The results showed that in the early stage of gap formation, the gap size had significant effect on NH4+-N, the season changes on NP3--N, and the interaction effect of gap size and seasonal variation on NH4+-N and NO3--N. The difference of NH4+-N and NO3--N between the gap center and gap edge was not significant. (I) The NH4+-N content was 4.30-11.99 mg kg-1, and NO3--N content was 2.57-10.81 mg kg-1. There was no obvious difference in NH4+-N and N03--N among gaps of different size in early or late growing seasons, when both increased first and decreased afterwards in the middle of growing season. The gaps of 100∼400 m2 area had a higher content of available nitrogen. (2) The seasonal dynamic differed between NH4+-N and NO3--N, with the former lower in middle growing season whereas the latter higher in the middle growing season but lower in the end of growing season. The soil NH4+-N was higher than NO3- -N in the early and late periods, but lower in the middle period. (3) The soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in parts of gaps were lower than understory in the early and late growing season. (4) Correlation analyses showed that NH4+-N had significant positive correlation with microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and NO3--N with soil temperature, MBN and organic matter. But the impact of soil water content on available nitrogen was not significant. These results suggested that soil temperature and microbial activity variation caused by gap harvesting are the main factors affecting soil available nitrogen content of Pinus massoniana plantations.     

330/220kV电磁环网解环前后暂态稳定特性分析

为保证宁夏电网 330/220 kV 电磁环网解环后电网的安全稳定运行,运用电力系统分析综合程序(Power System Analysis Software Package,PSASP),对电磁环网解环前后电网在三级稳定标准涉及的各种故障形式下进行暂态稳定计算,对比分析解环前后系统电压与频率波动以及功角阻尼比的变化。计算结果表明:330/220kV 电磁环网解环对于宁夏电网的暂态稳定特性影响不大,解环后不会增加暂态失稳事故风险,解环条件一旦具备,应该及时实施解环。     

Toxic effects of chlortetracycline on maize growth, reactive oxygen species generation and the antioxidant response

The toxicity of chlortetracycline (CTC) on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was studied. The root and shoot lengths and fresh weights of maize seedlings were inhibited by CTC treatment (p < 0.05). Root length was more sensitive than other parameters with the EC₁₀ value of 0.064 mg/L. The spin trapping technique followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis was used to quantify the ROS production. The ROS generated in maize roots after exposure to CTC was identified as hydroxyl radical (.OH). The EPR signal intensity correlated positively with the logarithm of CTC concentrations exposed (p < 0.05). The dynamic changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the antioxidative enzyme activities in maize roots were also determined. As compared to the control group, CTC was found to significantly increase MDA content. Treatment of maize roots with the.OH scavenger sodium benzoate (SB) reduced the MDA content and enhanced the antioxidative enzyme activities. The results demonstrated the harmfulness of CTC at high dose to maize in the early developmental stage, and clarified that the inducement of.OH is one of the mechanisms of CTC toxicity.     

长江口及浙江近岸海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布、来源与风险评价

2013年对长江口及浙江近岸海域62个站位表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了测定.结果表明,16种美国EPA优先控制的PAHs均有检出,PAHs总量水平(干重)为31.8~384μg·kg-1,平均含量为131.1μg·kg-1.其分布受到陆源输入和点源污染的影响,高值区域出现在长江口2号站位和宁波21号站位附近.与国内外其它海区相比,调查海域PAHs总体处于较低污染水平.调查海域沉积物中PAHs以4环、3环为主,来源分析显示PAHs主要来源于木柴、煤炭燃烧.利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)评价结果显示,调查海域表层沉积物中PAHs处于较低的生态风险水平;按照沉积物质量标准法(SQSs)评价结果表明,调查海域表层沉积物的PAHs污染已经具有一定程度的"显见生态负效应",需要采取相应的措施进行污染控制和削减.