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排序方式: 共有482条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
81.
David W. Clow Harrison Forrester Benjamin Miller Heidi Roop James O. Sickman Hodon Ryu Jorge Santo Domingo 《Environmental management》2013,52(6):1400-1414
During 2010–2011, a study was conducted in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) to evaluate the influence of pack animals (stock) and backpackers on water quality in wilderness lakes and streams. The study had three main components: (1) a synoptic survey of water quality in wilderness areas of the parks, (2) paired water quality sampling above and below several areas with differing types and amounts of visitor use, and (3) intensive monitoring at six sites to document temporal variations in water quality. Data from the synoptic water quality survey indicated that wilderness lakes and streams are dilute and have low nutrient and Escherichia coli concentrations. The synoptic survey sites were categorized as minimal use, backpacker-use, or mixed use (stock and backpackers), depending on the most prevalent type of use upstream from the sampling locations. Sites with mixed use tended to have higher concentrations of most constituents (including E. coli) than those categorized as minimal-use (P ≤ 0.05); concentrations at backpacker-use sites were intermediate. Data from paired-site sampling indicated that E. coli, total coliform, and particulate phosphorus concentrations were greater in streams downstream from mixed-use areas than upstream from those areas (P ≤ 0.05). Paired-site data also indicated few statistically significant differences in nutrient, E. coli, or total coliform concentrations in streams upstream and downstream from backpacker-use areas. The intensive-monitoring data indicated that nutrient and E. coli concentrations normally were low, except during storms, when notable increases in concentrations of E. coli, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and turbidity occurred. In summary, results from this study indicate that water quality in SEKI wilderness generally is good, except during storms; and visitor use appears to have a small, but statistically significant influence on stream water quality. 相似文献
82.
The biochemical response of wild sticklebacks collected in Autumn 2005 at seven stations in the North of France was studied using a set of complementary biomarkers. Here, data on biotransformation of xenobiotics, oxidative stress exposure and damages, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption are provided. All the sites are characterized by a specific response pattern that allows distinguishing sampling locations. Moreover, these responses are in accordance with data on existing environmental pressures and the chemical analysis of metals performed in surface water. The assessment of individual responses is completed by fish population disturbance monitoring. Based on these measurements, the investigated sites are characterized by different levels of disturbance. This study argues for a multi-parametric approach of aquatic ecosystem contamination based on association between chemical, biochemical and ecological endpoints and provides a testimony of the usefulness of stickleback for this purpose. 相似文献
83.
Kirstin Dow Benjamin K. Haywood Nathan P. Kettle Kirsten Lackstrom 《Regional Environmental Change》2013,13(6):1235-1244
To examine the factors that support adaptation within a regional and sectoral context, this article explores five climate-sensitive sectors in North and South Carolina (Forestry, Government Administration, Tourism, Water Management, and Wildlife Management) and the role of partnerships, collaborations, and networks in facilitating climate adaptation and related activities. Drawing from 117 online questionnaires and interviews with sector leaders across the Carolinas, the article highlights several key functions of networks in regard to supporting adaptation—intra-sector information sharing; monitoring, data collection, and research; and education and outreach. Furthermore, the analysis examines how climate networks in the region have facilitated the development of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital while also noting factors that have constrained the growth and success of both intra- and cross-sector collaboration. Although no formal, or discrete, state or regional cross-sector climate change network exists in the Carolinas, climate adaptations and capacity-building efforts have been supported by ad hoc and decentralized networks, emerging collegial partnerships within and across sectors, and collaborative efforts to pool expertise and resources. The role of different forms of social capital within these networks is discussed in the context of a contentious political environment where support for activities designed to address climate change is limited. These findings enhance our understanding of the social factors and relational processes that shape and influence capacity to adapt to climate change. 相似文献
84.
This article examines the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy in Malaysia, or SCORE, a US $105 billion infrastructure development plan in Sarawak on the island of Borneo, from a sustainability standpoint. SCORE aims to build 20,000 megawatts of hydroelectric dams along a 320 km corridor comprising more than 70,000 km2 by 2030. The article begins by explaining social science methods utilized for its research interviews and site visits. It then argues that sustainability consists of seven principles articulated in international law: prudence, equity, responsibility, precaution, justice, governance, and compatibility. Next, the paper introduces readers to SCORE before assessing it according to these seven sustainability criteria. The paper finds that SCORE erodes environmental prudence by emitting millions of tons of carbon dioxide and feeding industries that will pollute the land and water. It worsens intergenerational equity by exacerbating poverty and consolidating wealth for corporations and politicians. It degrades responsibility by intensifying tropical deforestation and flaunts precaution by downplaying and ignoring risks to water quality and availability. It is unjust, imposing dams on communities and forcibly relocating thousands of indigenous people, mitigates good governance by condoning bribes and kickbacks along with the violent suppression of dissent, and is incompatible with Malaysia’s own energy policy targets and international standards. 相似文献
85.
Benjamin M. Sleeter Tamara S. Wilson Christopher E. Soulard Jinxun Liu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):251-266
We present the first comprehensive multi-temporal analysis of land-cover change for California across its major ecological regions and primary land-cover types. Recently completed satellite-based estimates of land-cover and land-use change information for large portions of the United States allow for consistent measurement and comparison across heterogeneous landscapes. Landsat data were employed within a pure-panel stratified one-stage cluster sample to estimate and characterize land-cover change for 1973?C2000. Results indicate anthropogenic and natural disturbances, such as forest cutting and fire, were the dominant changes, followed by large fluctuations between agriculture and rangelands. Contrary to common perception, agriculture remained relatively stable over the 27-year period with an estimated loss of 1.0% of agricultural land. The largest net declines occurred in the grasslands/shrubs class at 5,131 km2 and forest class at 4,722 km2. Developed lands increased by 37.6%, composing an estimated 4.2% of the state??s land cover by 2000. 相似文献
86.
87.
Razafimahefa Ravo M. Ludwig-Begall Louisa F. Diallo Mamadou Amadou Dewals Benjamin G. Vanderplasschen Alain Nivelles Olivier Deketelaere Caroline Mauroy Axel Thiry Etienne 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):493-506
Food and Environmental Virology - Human noroviruses impose a considerable health burden globally. Here, a flow cytometry approach designed for their detection in biological waste and food samples... 相似文献
88.
89.
Madeleine Beekman Rosalyn S. Gloag Naïla Even Wandee Wattanachaiyingchareon Benjamin P. Oldroyd 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(8):1259-1265
All honeybee species make use of the waggle dance to communicate the direction and distance to both food sources and potential
new nest sites. When foraging, all species face an identical problem: conveying information about profitable floral patches.
However, profound differences in nesting biology (some nest in cavities while others nest in the open, often on a branch or
a cliff face) may mean that species have different requirements when dancing to advertise new nest sites. In cavity nesting
species, nest sites are a precise location in the landscape: usually a small opening leading to a cavity in a hollow tree.
Dances for cavities therefore need to be as precise as possible. In contrast, when the potential nest site comprises a tree
or perhaps seven a patch of trees, precision is less necessary. Similarly, when a food patch is advertised, dances need not
be very precise, as floral patches are often large, unless they are so far away that recruits need more precise information
to be able to locate them. In this paper, we study the dance precision of the open-nesting red dwarf bee Apis florea. By comparing the precision of dances for food sources and nest sites, we show that A. florea workers dance with the same imprecision irrespective of context. This is in sharp contrast with the cavity-nesting Apis mellifera that increases the precision of its dance when advertising a potential new home. We suggest that our results are in accordance
with the hypothesis that the honeybees’ dance communication initially evolved to convey information about new nest sites and
was only later adapted for the context of foraging. 相似文献
90.
Benjamin A. Lyons Ariel Hasell Natalie Jomini Stroud 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(7):876-894
Some extreme weather events may be more likely to affect climate change beliefs than others, in part because schema individuals possess for different events could vary in encouraging such links. Using a representative sample of U.S. adults and geocoded National Weather Service data, we examine how a range of extreme weather event categories relate to climate change beliefs, and the degree to which individuals’ self-reported experiences are shaped by their political views across event types. For tornado, hurricane, and flood events, we find no link with beliefs. For polar vortex and drought events, we find that although self-reported experience is linked with climate beliefs, reporting of these experiences is influenced by political identity and partisan news exposure. These findings underscore a limited role for extreme weather experiences in climate beliefs, and show that events more open to interpretation, such as droughts and polar vortex disturbances, are most likely to be seen through a partisan lens. 相似文献