重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与大气污染关系的讨论

重庆市南郊的南山是一个风景区,有林地约二万七千余亩,主要是马尾松林(Pinusmassoniana Lamb.),自八十年代起明显出现衰亡现象,目前约有85％马尾松植株受到不同程度的伤害,死亡率达35％左右.马尾松出现的症状是针尖坏死,针叶提早脱落,针长变短,树冠稀疏,枝条枯死,径向生长变弱等.     

分光光度法测定总铬的改进

在酸性溶液中以二苯碳酰二肼为显色剂测量总铬,高锰酸钾作氧化剂,过量的高锰酸钾需用亚硝酸钠还原,分析过程较为烦琐.过硫酸铵是无色晶体,在氧化三价铬时不产生颜色,因此,不会干扰本底.另外,在酸性条件下对三价铬的氧化速度很快,在室温短时间内就能完成.剩余的过硫酸铵在酸性溶液中通过加热煮沸很快分解为硫酸铵,亦不干扰显色反应.用过硫酸铵代替高锰酸钾作为氧化剂测定水中总铬,测定快速、简便.精密度、准确度与高锰酸钾氧化法一致.     

1996年2月3日云南丽江7.0级地震震害调查和损失评估

对1996年2月3日云南丽江7．0级地震进行了震害调查和损失评估，此次地震造成了重大灾害，死亡309人，重伤4070人，轻伤12987人。房屋破坏、室内财产和生命线工程的直接经济损失总计为30．49亿元。     

Ambient volatile organic compounds pollution in China

Owing to rapid economic and industrial development, China has been suffering from degraded air quality and visibility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and hence photochemical smog. Some VOCs adversely affect human health. Therefore, VOCs have recently elicited public concern and given new impetus to scientific interest. China is now implementing a series of polices to control VOCs pollution. The key to formulating policy is understanding the ambient VOCs pollution status. This paper mainly analyzes the species, levels, sources, and spatial distributions of VOCs in ambient air. The results show that the concentrations of ambient VOCs in China are much higher than those of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, especial benzene, which exceeds available standards. At the same time, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of various VOCs are calculated. Aromatics and alkenes have much higher OFPs, while aromatics have higher SOAFP. The OFPs of ambient VOCs in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Changchun are very high, and the SOAFP of ambient VOCs in the cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Changchun are higher.     

吸附法油气回收系统在成品油库中的应用

介绍了活性炭吸附法油气回收系统在成品油库汽油装车过程中的应用情况。结合油库油气回收改造的实际情况,重点介绍了了吸附法油气回收装置的工艺流程、油库油气回收系统的组成、监控系统主要功能、环保检测的相关事项,并分析了油气回收系统的经济效益,结合实际经验对油库油气回收改造提出了建议。     

Source attributions of heavy metals in rice plant along highway in Eastern China

Air and soil pollution from traffic has been considered as a critical issue to crop production and food safety, however, few efforts have been paid on distinguish the source origin of traffic-related contaminants in rice plant along highway. Therefore, we investigated metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu) concentrations and stable Pb isotope ratios in rice plants exposed and unexposed to highway traffic pollution in Eastern China in 2008. Significant differences in metals concentrations between the exposed and unexposed plants existed in leaf for Pb, Cd and Zn, in stem only for Zn, and in grain for Pb and Cd. About 46% of Pb and 41% of Cd in the grain were attributed to the foliar uptake from atmosphere, and there were no obvious contribution of atmosphere to the accumulations of Cr, Zn and Cu in grain. Except for Zn, all of the heavy metals in stem were attributed to the root uptake from soil, although significant accumulations of Pb and Cd from atmosphere existed in leaf. This indicated that different processes existed in the subsequent translocation of foliar-absorbed heavy metals between rice organs. The distinct separation of stable Pb isotope ratios among rice grain, leaf, stem, soil and vehicle exhaust further provided evidences on the different pathways of heavy metal accumulation in rice plant. These results suggested that further more attentions should be paid to the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from traffic emission when plan crop layout for food safety along highway.     

Role of cosubstrate and bioaccessibility played in the enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a paddy soil by nitrate and methyl-β-cyclodextrin amendments

The present study was conducted to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation potential of biostimulation by nitrate (KNO₃) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) addition on an aged organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated paddy soil. After 180 days of incubation, total OCP biodegradation was highest in soil receiving the addition of nitrate and MCD simultaneously and then followed by nitrate addition, MCD addition, and control. The highest biodegradation of chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and total OCPs was 74.3, 63.5, 51.2, and 65.1 %, respectively. Meanwhile, MCD addition significantly increased OCP bioaccessibility (p?<?0.05) evaluated by Tenax TA extraction and a three-compartment model method. Moreover, the addition of nitrate and MCD also obtained the highest values of soil microbial activities, including soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, ATP production, denitrifying bacteria count, and nitrate reductase activity. Such similar trend between OCP biodegradation and soil-denitrifying activities suggests a close relationship between OCP biodegradation and N cycling and the indirect/direct involvement of soil microorganisms, especially denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic biodegradation of OCPs.     

旋风除尘器静动态强度分析

对旋风除尘器在静态载荷下的强度进行了分析,发现头部顶板是较薄弱部件。通过动态载荷系数（ＤＬＦ）方法,研究了旋风除尘器承受动态粉尘爆炸压力载荷时提高使用强度的可能性,结果表明,一般情况下,由于载荷的动态特性导致设备强度的变化可以忽略。     

环境评价污染气象观测与分析的几个问题

就实际环评工作中污染气象观测与分析中资料的选取与分析,地面常规气象资料的统计与分析,大气边界层观测与分析等几个问题提出了看法和建议。     

江苏省海岸带近30年人类干扰指数时空变化特征

为探究县级以上海岸带区域人类干扰指数（human interference index, HII）的时空变化特征及生态意义,本文利用遥感数据和地理信息系统技术,对HII计算方法进行一定的改进,使其更适合大范围研究区的计算,并分析了1990－2020年江苏省海岸带HII的时空变化特征及其关键驱动因素,最后以HII与选取的代表性指标的相关性分析结果探讨了HII的生态意义。研究结果表明:（1）研究区内各县、市HII在空间分布上,由北向南呈先下降、后升高、再下降的趋势,1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年研究区的HII为0.2800、0.3620、0.1804、0.2917;（2）人工建筑的扩张和滩涂围垦是影响HII高值区空间分布的关键驱动因素;（3）相关性分析结果表明,研究区内的斑块经历了集聚到破碎化再到集聚的过程,且HII具有一定的生态意义。本研究结果可为江苏省海岸带地区人类活动的调控和生态系统管理提供更多的空间信息和理论指导,也为计算大尺度空间的HII提供了思路。