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61.
Kristoffer Hylander Caroline Greiser Ditte M. Christiansen Irena A. Koelemeijer 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13847
Conservation of biodiversity in managed forest landscapes needs to be complemented with new approaches given the threat from rapid climate change. Most frameworks for adaptation of biodiversity conservation to climate change include two major strategies. The first is the resistance strategy, which focuses on actions to increase the capacity of species and communities to resist change. The second is the transformation strategy and includes actions that ease the transformation of communities to a set of species that are well adapted to the novel environmental conditions. We suggest a number of concrete actions policy makers and managers can take. Under the resistance strategy, five tools are introduced, including: identifying and protecting forest climate refugia with cold-favored species; reducing the effects of drought by protecting the hydrological network; and actively removing competitors when they threaten cold-favored species. Under the transformation strategy, we suggest three tools, including: enhancing conditions for forest species favored by the new climate, but currently disfavored by forest management, by planting them at suitable sites outside their main range; and increasing connectivity across the landscape to enhance the expansion of warm-favored species to sites that have become suitable. Finally, we suggest applying a landscape perspective and simultaneously managing for both retreating and expanding species. The two different strategies (resistance and transformation) should be seen as complementary ways to maintain a rich biodiversity in future forest ecosystems. 相似文献
62.
Gardia-Parège Caroline Kim Tiam Sandra Budzinski Hélène Mazzella Nicolas Devier Marie-Hélène Morin Soizic 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29368-29381
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effect-directed analysis (EDA) aims at identifying the compound(s) responsible for toxicity in a complex environmental sample where several dozens of... 相似文献
63.
Gomes Brener Felipe Melo Lima de Araújo Caroline Maria Bezerra do Nascimento Bruna Figueiredo Freire Eleonora Maria Pereira de Luna Da Motta Sobrinho Mauricio Alves Carvalho Marilda Nascimento 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):17358-17372
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. The nanomaterial was characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy,... 相似文献
64.
65.
Plant chemistry and insect sequestration 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Most plant families are distinguished by characteristic secondary metabolites, which can function as putative defence against
herbivores. However, many herbivorous insects of different orders can make use of these plant-synthesised compounds by ingesting
and storing them in their body tissue or integument. Such sequestration of putatively unpalatable or toxic metabolites can
enhance the insects’ own defence against enemies and may also be involved in reproductive behaviour. This review gives a comprehensive
overview of all groups of secondary plant metabolites for which sequestration by insect herbivores belonging to different
orders has been demonstrated. Sequestered compounds include various aromatic compounds, nitrogen-containing metabolites such
as alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates and other sulphur-containing metabolites, and isoprenoids such as cardiac
glycosides, cucurbitacins, iridoid glycosides and others. Sequestration of plant compounds has been investigated most in insects
feeding or gathering on Apocynaceae s.l. (Apocynoideae, Asclepiaoideae), Aristolochiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Fabaceae and Plantaginaceae, but it also occurs
for some gymnosperms and even lichens. In total, more than 250 insect species have been shown to sequester plant metabolites
from at least 40 plant families. Sequestration predominates in the Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, but also occurs frequently
in the orders Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and Sternorrhyncha. Patterns of sequestration mechanisms for various compound
classes and common or individual features occurring in different insect orders are highlighted. More research is needed to
elucidate the specific transport mechanisms and the physiological processes of sequestration in various insect species. 相似文献
66.
Caroline S. Nash Gordon E. Grant John S. Selker Steven M. Wondzell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2020,56(1):182-185
We discuss a recent paper which evaluated the hydrologic changes resulting from a pond‐and‐plug meadow restoration project in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. In the study, measurements of streamflow into and out of the meadow suggested late‐summer baseflow increased as much as five‐fold when compared with prerestoration conditions. However, the volume of streamflow attributed to the restored meadow (49,000–96,000 m3 over four months) would require that 2.5–4.8 m of saturated meadow soils drain during summer months. The groundwater data from this meadow record only 0.45 m of change over this timeframe, which is less than might be expected from plant use alone (0.75 m), suggesting this restored meadow may be acting as a water sink throughout summer rather than a source. 相似文献
67.
Ambio - The Syrian crisis caused a massive influx of displaced people into neighboring countries, with Lebanon hosting the highest per capita number of refugees (3:10). Water remains the most... 相似文献
68.
Protected areas (PAs) are a frequently used conservation strategy, yet their socioeconomic impacts on local communities remain contentious. A shift toward increased participation by local communities in PA governance seeks to deliver benefits for human well‐being and biodiversity. Although participation is considered critical to the success of PAs, few researchers have investigated individuals’ decisions to participate and what this means for how local people experience the costs and benefits of conservation. We explored who participates in PA governance associations and why; the perceived benefits and costs to participation; and how costs and benefits are distributed within and between communities. Methods included 3 focus groups, 37 interviews, and 217 questionnaire surveys conducted in 3 communities and other stakeholders (e.g., employees of a nongovernmental organization and government officials) in PA governance in Madagascar. Our study design was grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the most commonly applied behavior model in social psychology. Participation in PA governance was limited by miscommunication and lack of knowledge about who could get involved and how. Respondents perceived limited benefits and high costs and uneven distribution of these within and between communities. Men, poorer households, and people in remote villages reported the highest costs. Our findings illustrate challenges related to comanagement of PAs: understanding the heterogeneous nature of communities; ensuring all households are represented in governance participation; understanding differences in the meaning of forest protection; and targeting interventions to reach households most in need to avoid elite capture. 相似文献
69.
70.
Eric Jauniaux Sanjay Vyas Caroline Finlayson Gonzalo Moscoso Marie Driver Stuart Campbell 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(2):127-132
Ultrasonographic features of a fetus at 18 weeks of gestation suggesting a body stalk anomaly are presented. These included a large abdominal anterior wall defect in apparent continuity with the placenta, severe kyphoscoliosis of the lower spine, the absence of one kidney, and a very short umbilical cord with only one umbilical artery. The amniotic fluid was reduced and the fetus was almost immobile at short-interval ultrasound examinations. The pregnancy was terminated and autopsy of the fetus showed abnormalities compatible with maldevelopment of both cephalic and caudal embryonic folds. 相似文献