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71.
Kinmen is located in the southwest of Mainland China. Groundwater supplies 50% of the domestic water use on the island. Residents
of Kinmen drink groundwater over the long term because surface water resources are limited. Nitrate–N pollution is found and
distributed primarily in the western part of groundwater aquifer whereas saline groundwater is distributed to the northeastern
Kinmen. This work applied the DRASTIC model to construct the vulnerability map of Kinmen groundwater. MT3D was then used to
evaluate the contamination potential of nitrate–N. The health risk associated with the ingestion of nitrate–N contaminated
groundwater is also assessed. The results from DRASTIC model showed that the upland crop and grass land have high contamination
potential, whereas the forest, reservoir and housing land have low contamination potential. The calibrated MT3D model inversely
determined the high strength sources (0.09–2.74 kg/m2/year) of nitrate contaminant located in the west to the north west area and required 2–5 years travel time to reach the monitoring
wells. Simulated results of MT3D also showed that both the continuous and instantaneous contaminant sources of nitrate–N release
may cause serious to moderate nitrate contamination in the western Kinmen and jeopardize the domestic use of groundwater.
The chronic health hazard quotient (HQ) associated with the potential non-carcinogenic risk of drinking nitrate–N contaminated groundwater showed that the assessed
95th percentile of HQ is 2.74, indicating that exposure to waterborne nitrate poses a potential non-cancer risk to the residents of the island.
Corrective measures, including protecting groundwater recharge zones and reducing the number of agricultural and non-agricultural
nitrogen sources that enters the aquifer, should be implemented especially in the western part of Kinmen to assure a sustainable
use of groundwater resources. 相似文献
72.
Adsorption of acid dye onto activated carbons prepared from agricultural waste bagasse by ZnCl2 activation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A series of activated carbons were prepared from agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as an activating agent at 500 degrees C and 0.5 h soaking time. The Langmuir surface area and total pore volume were used to estimate the average pore diameter of the carbon products. The values of the surface area and pore volume increased linearly with increase in the impregnation ratio (IR) up to 100 wt%. The adsorption capacities of the derived adsorbents for Acid Orange 10 were measured at 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C to gain further insights into the acidic surface oxides of the adsorbent from the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and pH measurement. Adsorption isotherms of the acid dye on adsorbents prepared were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations. It was found that the Langmuir model appears to fit the isotherm data better than the Freundlich model. The physical properties of these adsorbents were consistent with the parameters obtained from the isotherm equations. 相似文献
73.
Unit pricing is a program in solid waste management that integrates market instruments to encourage households to reduce waste generation and increase recycling. Many studies have shown that unit pricing is effective, especially when the evaluation is based on comparing outcomes before and after implementation. In this paper, we use the so-called difference-in-differences approach to evaluate unit pricing. This approach can provide a less-biased estimation, and can help to examine whether a unit pricing program generates less waste and higher recycling or results in illegal dumping in neighboring regions. Using the fee-per-bag program implemented in Taipei City, Taiwan, as a case study, we found that unit pricing does reduce the amount of garbage but its impact on recycling is not as significant as the current literature suggests. Moreover, the program causes a serious negative externality: more than 60%?of the garbage reduction in the city is due to increased dumping of waste in neighboring regions. As the impact of unit‐pricing on recycling is limited, policy-makers cannot rely solely on this program to enhance recycling in the management of municipal solid waste. 相似文献
74.
Effects of emulsified asphalt on the mechanical properties of granulation of calcium fluoride sludge
Lin Keng-Ta Wang Ya-Fen Jhng Bo-Shng Tsai Cheng-Hsien 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(1):231-239
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To reduce the landfill volume of waste CaF2 sludge, artificial fluorite bulk (AFB) is granulated by blending CaF2 sludge and emulsified asphalt... 相似文献
75.
A fuzzy risk assessment approach for occupational hazards in the construction industry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The techniques in the construction industry have been improved due to the rapid development of science and technology. However, the constructional hazards are not decreased as expected. To reduce or prevent occupational hazards in the construction industry, a fuzzy risk assessment method was proposed to provide a prevention and improvement technique against occupational hazards. This method used two-stage quality function deployment (QFD) tables to represent the relationships among construction items, hazard types and hazard causes. A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) method was developed to identify important hazard types and hazard causes. Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) was performed to assess the risk value of hazard causes based on the fuzzy inference approach. The proposed method was applied to a telecom engineering company in southern Taiwan. The performance evaluation result indicated that this method can provide satisfactory risk assessment values of hazard causes and relevant improvement strategies. 相似文献
76.
Chaochung Tsai Sylvia Yang Alan C. Trimble Jennifer L. Ruesink 《Marine Biology》2010,157(9):1929-1936
Dwarf eelgrass (duckgrass; Zostera japonica) and Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) are two introduced species that co-occur on intertidal flats of the northeast Pacific. Through factorial manipulation of
clam (0, 62.5, 125 clams m−2) and eelgrass density (present, removed by hand, harrowed), we examined intra- and interspecific effects on performance,
as well as modification of the physical environment. The presence of eelgrass reduced water flow by up to 40% and was also
observed to retain water at low tide, which may ameliorate desiccation and explain why eelgrass grew faster in the presence
of conspecifics (positive feedback). Although shell growth of small (20–50 mm) clams was not consistently affected by either
treatment in this 2-month experiment, clam condition improved when eelgrass was removed. Reciprocally, clams at aquaculture
densities had no effect on eelgrass growth, clam growth and condition, or porewater nutrients. Overall, only Z. japonica demonstrated strong population-level interactions. Interspecific results support an emerging paradigm that invasive marine
ecosystem engineers often negatively affect infauna. Positive feedbacks for Z. japonica may characterize its intraspecific effects particularly at the stressful intertidal elevation of this study (+1 m above mean
lower low water). 相似文献
77.
Tsai Wen-Tien Tsai Chi-Hung Shen Yun-Hwei 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(4):1876-1886
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Taiwan is a developed nation with a high dependence (97.4%) on imported energy in 2021. Thus, the Taiwan government established the energy policy... 相似文献
78.
Sneha Gautam Ankit Yadav Chuen-Jinn Tsai Prashant Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21165-21175
Natural and human activities generate a significant amount of PM2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) into the surrounding atmospheric environments. Because of their small size, they can remain suspended for a relatively longer time in the air than coarse particles and thus can travel long distances in the atmosphere. PM2.5 is one of the key indicators of pollution and known to cause numerous types of respiratory and lung-related diseases. Due to poor implementation of regulations and a time lag in introducing the vehicle technology, levels of PM2.5 in most Asian cities are much worse than those in European environments. Dedicated reviews on understanding the characteristics of PM2.5 in Asian urban environments are currently missing but much needed. In order to fill the existing gaps in the literature, the aim of this review article is to describe dominating sources and their classification, followed by current status and health impact of PM2.5, in Asian countries. Further objectives include a critical synthesis of the topics such as secondary and tertiary aerosol formation, chemical composition, monitoring and modelling methods, source apportionment, emissions and exposure impacts. The review concludes with the synthesis of regulatory guidelines and future perspectives for PM2.5 in Asian countries. A critical synthesis of literature suggests a lack of exposure and monitoring studies to inform personal exposure in the household and rural areas of Asian environments. 相似文献
79.
Shih Yi-Jia Tao Chi-Wei Tsai Hsin-Chi Huang Wen-Chien Huang Tung-Yi Chen Jung-Sheng Chiu Yi-Chou Hsu Tsui-Kang Hsu Bing-Mu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):18392-18399
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are DNA viruses found in recreational water, such as water parks and swimming pools. Human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-41) is the... 相似文献
80.
Wen-Hsien Tsai Chih-Hao Yang Cheng-Tsu Huang Yen-Ying Wu 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(8):1412-1438
As Green Corporate Social Responsibility spreads across the globe, the construction industry is under pressure to reduce the carbon emissions across their building projects. Between maximum profit and environment management, mathematical programming can be used as a decision support tool concerning the optimal green building projects portfolio. This environment strategic decision problem is addressed in this study where an activity-based costing decision model incorporating carbon tax costs and construction resources constraints is developed from the perspectives of capacity expansion and green technology outsourcing. The results illustrate the positive contribution of the mathematical programming approach to achieve viable green building projects portfolio solutions. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to analyse the impact of carbon footprint emission variation on maximum profit, and the corresponding results are discussed. 相似文献