超重力技术治理火炸药行业氮氧化物的初步研究

火炸药行业排放氮氧化物(NOX)具有浓度高、排放点不集中和间歇排放的特点,采用超重力技术对尾气中高浓度的NOX进行湿法吸收.以清水为吸收剂,研究了进气量、液气比和超重力因子等因素对NOX吸收率的影响.结果表明,单级NOX吸收率可达64.69%(β＝90).超重力旋转填料床具有占地面积小、投资低和操作方便等优点,适宜于火炸药行业吸收NOX.     

Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.     

国外快速测定化学消油剂消油效果的几种方法

化学消油剂消油效果的现场评定方法必须满足适合现场操作、材料价廉易得、结果可靠准确等条件。对国外现有的现场快速测定消油剂效果的5种方法进行比较,结果表明,英国的佩内特鉴别法、挪威的菲勒溢出油检测装置和加拿大的梅蒂现场测定法存在一定的缺陷,不推荐使用。美国环保局的现场测定法(EPA FDET)简单、快速、准确。加拿大渥太华一家环境研究机构研制出的现场试验法比EPA FDET法耗时多,但原材料价格低廉,操作简单,结果可靠,值得推广应用。     

海洋环境中纳米金属的生物吸收及生物效应

当前随着纳米科技的发展,纳米材料,特别是纳米金属,因其独特的物化性质,在各行各业中的使用量呈指数增长,致使其在大气、水域、土壤环境中的安全性问题引起公众关注。尤其是在受到人类活动密切影响的近岸海洋环境中,纳米金属的潜在生态效应成为当前国内外研究的热点之一。本文重点综述了由于海洋环境的理化因子以及纳米金属独特的物化性质导致的纳米金属的环境行为,海洋生物对纳米金属的吸收,以及纳米金属的生物效应和可能的致毒机制,旨在为评估海洋环境中纳米金属的潜在生态危害,完善纳米材料的监管机制及保障纳米科技的可持续发展提供思路。     

贮灰场源强的确定及污染防治措施

灰场评价是电厂环境影响评价中非常重要的部分,粉煤灰的性质,决定了空气环境影响评价在贮灰场的评价中具有重要的地位和作用。而贮灰场源强的计算,则是贮灰场空气评价的关键。本文结合实际工作,从贮灰场空气污染源产生环节分析入手,结合已有资料,分别讨论了干式贮灰场空气污染源中表层起尘量和自卸汽车卸料起尘量的影响因素及源强计算,并根据其影响因素,总结了贮灰场空气污染防治措施的一些要点,希望对广大环评工作者有所裨益。     

两种典型持久性有机污染物对草履虫急性毒性初探

滴滴涕和苯并芘这两种典型持久性有机污染物在环境中已广泛分布,因此,本研究利用单细胞真核模式生物-草履虫来研究其急性毒性效应,结果发现其毒性效应存在显著的剂量效应关系.DDT和BaP的半数致死浓度分别为126.012 mg·L-1和180.167 mg·L-1,且这两种污染物的浓度和概率间存在很好的线性关系.不同浓度的D...     

煤炭生物脱硫正交实验研究

通过对取自城门山,杨桃坞,德兴和云南的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)的生理活性的研究比较,选取了氧化活性较好的德兴菌种做正交试验.应用正交试验的方法研究了浸出时间,煤浆质量分数,pH值和接种量这4个因素的组合作用对煤炭生物脱硫效果的影响.对试验结果进行极差分析和方差分析,结果表明各因素对脱硫效果的影响有很大差异.在所研究因素的水平范围内,浸出时间对煤脱硫效率的影响最为显著,影响率达到74.21%;pH值对煤脱硫效率的影响也很显著,影响率为16.80%;接种量对煤脱硫效率的影响较为显著的,其影响率仅为5.27%;煤浆质量分数对脱硫效率的影响率最低,仅为1.78%.通过对正交试验的实验结果的直接观察,极差分析和方差分析,获得了三个可能的最优方案.其中通过实验结果直接观察得到的最优方案的脱硫率可达63.80%.     

Toxicity of the anthelmintic abamectin to four species of soil invertebrates

Abamectin is a veterinary medicinal product with high efficiency against parasitics. This study evaluates the sublethal toxicity of abamectin to three groups of soil dwelling organisms (springtails, enchytraeids and earthworms). The reproduction of the two springtail species Folsomia fimetaria and Folsomia candida was significantly affected at abamectin concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg DW, respectively. Adults of especially F. candida were less sensitive. Abamectin had no effect on the survival of enchytraeids, whereas the number of juveniles was reduced at concentrations above 10 mg/kg. The EC10 values for reproduction were in the range of 0.05 mg/kg for springtails and 12.8 mg/kg for enchytraeids. Abamectin also had a significant effect on the reproduction of earthworms with an EC10 value of 0.06 mg/kg. However, no change in the survival and growth of juvenile earthworms was observed following 70 days of exposure.     

极限变形程度下纯铝反挤压变形力的研究

针对具体工件对根限变形程度下纯铝反挤压的变形力进行研究,分析了各种计算方法的适用范围,并与工艺试验的实测值进行了比较.     

从内蒙古自治区农村牧区居民环境教育试点项目探索农村牧区环境教育的方法

本文通过选定对内蒙古自治区农村牧区具有典型代表性的试验对象 ,全方位开展全民性环保意识的普及教育 ,已在试验区内收到显著的效果 ,从而对进行农村牧区居民环境教育的方式方法进行了有益的探索 ,对全国少数民族、边远地区环境教育工作也具有示范效益