Effects of hydrological change on the risk of riverine algal blooms: case study in the mid-downstream of the Han River in China

Algal blooms usually occur in semi-closed water bodies such as lakes or estuaries; however, it has occurred frequently in the mid-downstream of the Han River (MSHR) in China since the 1990s. We made a comparative analysis of the hydrological conditions and identified the hydrological condition thresholds that induce algal blooms. From the hydrodynamic point of view, the changes and characteristics of the hydrological conditions in the MSHR were analyzed. Furthermore, the influence on the risk of algal blooms under different design water transfer schemes for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) was studied. The results indicated that (1) the flow in the MSHR less than 900 m³/s and water level in the Yangtze River higher than 14 m provided a suitable hydrological environment for diatoms multiply. (2) The flow of the MSHR showed a downtrend, while the water level of the Yangtze River showed an uptrend. There were variations in hydrological processes. Through specific IHA index analysis, the fact of flow reduction in the MSHR was demonstrated, and further indicated that algal bloom outbreak was in low flow period. (3) The water transfer in the middle route of SNWDP affected the risk probability of algal blooms. The more the amount of water transfer, the greater the risk probability of algal blooms. It was the Water Diversion Project from Yangtze River to Han River (WDPYHR) that replenished flow of the MSHR and was conducive to the prevention and control of algal bloom risk.

     

蒙古高原北部Gun Nuur硅藻属种组成与分布特征

本文通过对蒙古高原北部表层沉积物中硅藻属种的鉴定,探讨硅藻属种的分布特征及对水环境变化的响应。Gun Nuur湖泊中共鉴定出2纲7科12属21种硅藻,以羽纹纲为主,Cymbella cistula、Amphora ovalis、Amphora baltica、Amphora ovalis var.pediculus等为相对优势种,且平均相对含量分别为24.4%、23.8%、16.9%、15.6%,其余属种均少于10.0%。优势硅藻种Cymbella cistula表明了Gun Nuur湖泊主要为淡水、偏碱性水体,pH值为8.0左右,距湖岸较近位置有大量的水生生物发育。Anomoeoneis costata和Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var.sphaerophora、Navicula oblonga反映出湖泊由于蒸发作用而导致水体咸化,湖泊矿化度升高,并且湖水属于Na-Ca/Cl-SO4型。在高纬度气候非常寒冷地区的湖泊中,硅藻生长受到严重的抑制作用。偏"胖"的特征有利于硅藻浮游以适应水体温度的变化,湖泊边沿结冰后向湖泊中心游动。湖泊在冰封后可以阻止风浪作用,并且在低于水温的季节中,冰封可以使湖泊水体在阳光照射条件下保持高于外部环境的温度而有利于硅藻的生长。广盐性、真静水性硅藻Epithemia intermedia反映了这种湖泊长期冰封下静水特征。     

The phosphorus footprint of China's food chain: implications for food security, natural resource management, and environmental quality

Efficient use of phosphorus (P) for producing food, preventing water pollution, and managing a dwindling rock P reserve are major challenges for China. We analyzed P stocks and flows in the Chinese food chain to identify where P use efficiency can be improved, where P leaks to the environment, and the research, technologies, and policies needed to improve P use. We found a high degree of inefficiency; of 6652 Gg P entering the food chain, only 1102 Gg P (18%) exit as food for humans. The greatest inefficiencies were a large build-up of soil P (3670 Gg P yr; 52% of P inputs) and high P losses to the environment from animal production (1582 Gg P yr; 60% of excreted P). Improving P use in China must focus on national-scale nutrient management strategies, better animal nutrition, and adoption of technologies and policies to reduce P discharges from the animal sector and recycle P as manures in agriculture.     

积业应激对炼钢工人健康的影响及其预防

本文主要介绍了职业应激的概念,以及高温、噪声、辐射、压力这些应激原给炼钢工人健康带来的影响,并提出了预防措施。     

Impact mechanism and performance enhancement of ultrasound on ZVI-anammox system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The zero-valent iron-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ZVI-anammox) system has received widespread attention due to its excellent nitrogen removal...     

手机对人体的电磁生态效应与对策

介绍移动通信用便携式收发信机对人体电磁生态效应的原理，研究现状，并就如何减少手机对人体的电磁影响提出几点看法和建议。     

Removal of Cs from water and soil by ammonium-pillared montmorillonite/Fe3O4 composite

To remove cesium ions from water and soil, a novel adsorbent was synthesized by following a one-step co-precipitation method and using non-toxic raw materials. By combining ammonium-pillared montmorillonite (MMT) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄), an MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite was prepared and characterized. The adsorbent exhibited high selectivity of Cs⁺ and could be rapidly separated from the mixed solution under an external magnetic field. Above all, the adsorbent had high removal efficiency in cesium-contaminated samples (water and soil) and also showed good recycling performance, indicating that the MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite could be widely applied to the remediation of cesium-contaminated environments. It was observed that the pH, solid/liquid ratio and initial concentration affected adsorption capacity. In the presence of coexisting ions, the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of Ca^2 + > Mg^2 + > K⁺ > Na⁺, which is consistent with our theoretical prediction. The adsorption behavior of this new adsorbent could be expressed by the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of Cs⁺ was NH₄⁺ ion exchange and surface hydroxyl group coordination, with the former being more predominant.     

Use of Flyash as Environmental and Agronomic Amendments

Coal combustion power plant flyash materials have been reported as useful soil amendments with agronomic and environmental benefits. This paper reports the efficacy of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) byproducts, when amended with dairy, swine, and broiler litter manures, in reducing phosphorus (P) solubility and potential impact on water quality. At a rate of 400 g/kg, FBC reduced water soluble P by 60% for dairy and swine and 50% for broiler litter, as compared to un-treated control samples. Byproduct FGD had little effect when amended into dairy manure, but reduced water soluble P by nearly 80% when amended into swine and broiler manure at a rate of 250 g/kg. The amount of Ca added in the amendments together with pH of the mixture is the major contributing factor in soluble P reduction. Sequential extraction results showed that the flyash treatments shifted water soluble P into mainly bicarbonate extractable P. The latter is still considered available for crop uptake but less vulnerable for environmental losses. Coal combustion byproducts, when amended into manure and used properly, can provide a useful and viable option for improving nutrient management on animal farms.     

Rockburst hazard determination by using computed tomography technology in deep workface

The rockburst in mines results from the dynamic load coupled with static one in coal seams around workface zones, so it is essential to learn the stress distribution of the coal and surrounding rock for determination of rockburst risk areas. The relationship between the elastic wave velocity and stress applied on coal sample was investigated systematically by laboratory testing, theoretically analysis, as well as on-site observation, and a positive correlation between them under uniaxial compression was put forward. Furthermore, it is drawn that the anomaly of elastic wave velocity reflects the stress changes: the positive anomaly ascertains the stress concentration while the negative anomaly estimates the mining destress and weaken degree, and corresponding assessment criterions and parameters were established respectively. The hazard areas and degree of an island longwall face 16302C were forecasted before coal winning based on the elastic wave anomaly distribution rules using active tremor velocity inversion, monitoring results of mining shocks during exploitation indicate that the consistency between locations of big tremors and where forecasted by computed tomography (CT) exceed 80%. The successful application of this technology achieved remarkable economic and social benefits for disaster control in rockburst mines.     

双氰胺对污泥堆肥过程中酶活性和细菌群落演变的影响

鉴于氮肥增效剂在农田中的保氮经验,研究其对堆肥中氮素的保持具有重要意义.因此,本研究以氮肥增效剂-双氰胺（Dicyandiamide, DCD）为添加剂,脱水污泥为堆肥原料,进行了20 d的堆肥试验,探讨DCD对堆肥过程中氮素转化和酶活性变化及其细菌群落演变的影响.结果表明,DCD的添加降低了堆肥高温期的温度,延长了高温期的持续天数;DCD组显著降低了高温期NH₄-N的含量和整个时期NO₃-N的含量.堆肥结束时,总氮含量与对照相比提高了14.8%.此外,DCD的添加抑制了高温期纤维素分解酶和蛋白酶的活性,抑制了整个过程的硝酸还原酶的活性,而且高温期时,DCD组中厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门的丰度显著低于对照.冗余分析表明,NH₄-N、pH和温度主要影响高温期时酶的活性,NO₃-N和总氮主要影响稳定期时酶的活性.综上所述,DCD通过降低高温期的微生物丰度和相关酶活性,减缓了高温期的氨化作用和后期的硝化作用,减少了氮素损失,是一种可行的污泥堆肥添加剂.