湿排法金矿尾矿库环境风险评价实例分析

环境风险评价从20世纪80年代以来就被发达国家纳入环境管理的范畴,我国目前也将其作为可能发生事故危险的建设项目环境管理的重要内容。本文以北方某湿排法金矿尾矿库为例,对其进行环境风险评价。通过风险识别,确定了最大可信事故,并在此基础上提出了风险管理措施。     

Unraveling the impact of workforce age diversity on labor productivity: The moderating role of firm size and job security

Previous literature has suggested both positive and negative effects of age diversity on labor productivity: positive because of the potential knowledge complementarities between employees of different ages and negative because of the age‐related value differences that might reduce cohesion and cooperation, hampering firm performance. Using a Belgian sample of 5892 organizational observations (2008–2011), we unraveled these countervailing effects in two ways. First, we built on prior studies to suggest that the effect of age diversity depends on the particular shape of the age distribution: positive when it is heterogeneous (i.e., variety) and negative when it is polarized (i.e., polarization). This was supported by our findings. Second, we explored the moderating impact of two contextual contingencies, firm size and job security. As expected, the positive effect of age variety is reinforced in large firms and in firms where job security is high. Although firm size also emphasizes the negative effect of age polarization on productivity, job security, unexpectedly, does not moderate this relationship. Our study offers a valuable contribution to the literature as it reveals the boundary conditions of the competing implications of age diversity and, thus, allows one to account for the inconclusive findings reported in previous literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new look at the psychological contract during organizational socialization: The role of newcomers' obligations at entry

Previous studies have demonstrated that the psychological contract is largely shaped during socialization. This study adopts a complementary perspective and analyzes how the psychological contract at the start of employment shapes the subsequent socialization process. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we propose that newcomers with a higher sense of their personal obligations at entry will perceive orientation training as more useful and develop better relationships with their supervisors and peers, which in turn will facilitate their work adjustment. Results of a longitudinal survey on a sample of 144 recruits from a European Army show that newcomers with a higher initial sense of their employee obligations toward their employer report higher perceived training utility, higher leader–member exchange (LMX) with their instructors, and higher team–member exchange (TMX) with their platoon peers. Moreover, perceived training utility and LMX predict the fulfillment of employers' obligations; and training utility predicts the level of newcomers' employee obligations. Finally, training utility, LMX, and TMX predict some of three indicators of newcomers' adjustment, namely, role clarity (training utility and LMX), group integration (TMX), and organizational values understanding (training utility). These results highlight how newcomers' obligations at the start of employment contribute to the social exchange dynamic underlying organizational socialization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自动跟踪动压平衡烟尘采样仪的研制

ＧＭ１００Ｃ动压平衡自动跟踪烟尘采样仪,跟踪精度高,响应时间快,无需换孔板,只要拨动波段开关就可换采样嘴。     

An Exploratory Study of Meanings of Risk Control for Long Term and Acute Effect Occupational Health and Safety Risks in Small Business Construction Firms

A qualitative study of employers' and employees' meanings of occupational health and safety (OHS) risk control was conducted among a sample of small businesses engaged in the Australian construction industry. Two OHS risks relevant to the construction industry were selected for study. One risk (falls from height) represented an immediate consequence, whereas the other (occupational skin disease) represented a long-term health effect. Meanings of the sources and control for these risks were explored during in-depth interviews. Participants perceived the immediate effect, falls from height OHS risk, as being more important in their workplaces than the delayed effect, skin disease OHS risk. The risk of falls from height was perceived to be controllable but requiring a great deal of effort to prevent, whereas there was a fatalistic resignation to the risk of occupational skin disease. Meanings of risk control for both occupational skin disease and falls from height focused on individual rather than technological risk controls. Organizational barriers to the adoption of technological OHS risk controls in the construction industry were identified.     

A multi-factorial experiment on heart rate variations in the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus

A multi-factorial experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the following factors on the cardiac activity of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: respiratory medium (air, water), temperature (four levels, 10, 17.5, 25, 32.5 °C), season (winter, summer) and body size (two levels, carapace ≤21 mm and carapace >21 mm). The results showed that the heart rate of P. marmoratus increased linearly with temperature and decreased when the specimens were exposed to air rather than water. Moreover, the heart rate values in summer were lower than those in winter at the corresponding temperature and body size. The summer heart rate–temperature regression line was laterally (to the right) shifted with respect to the winter line, suggesting a seasonal acclimation. Body size affected heart rate only at the acclimation temperature (17.5 °C), while no significant effect was detected at lower or higher temperatures. During the reproductive season a separate experiment was carried out to assess the effect of sex and reproductive status on heart rate. No significant difference was found among mean values of males, berried females and females without eggs. The results of the present study confirm the high physiological plasticity of this species, suggesting that P. marmoratus is a truly amphibious crab, able to deal with both water- and air-breathing during its activity. Received: 5 January 1999 / Accepted: 7 July 1999     

Localisation and surface quantification of secondary metabolites in the red alga Delisea pulchra

The localisation of halogenated furanones, the biologically active secondary metabolites from the red alga Delisea pulchra (Greville), was determined by a combination of fluorescence microscopy, culture studies and quantitative chemical analyses. All types of evidence showed that furanones are localised in the central vesicle of gland cells in D. pulchra. These cells release furanones onto the surface of the plant, where they can be quantified using a newly developed surface extraction-technique. Levels of furanones on the surface of the plant were highest near the apical tips (≃100 ng cm⁻²), and decreased towards the base of the alga. Variation in furanone levels within the plant and variation in the number of gland cells followed a similar pattern. The localisation of furanones within gland cells in D. pulchra and the presence and concentrations of furanones on the surface of the plant are consistent with furanones functioning as antifoulants and in mediating other ecological interactions at the surface of the alga. Received: 5 March 1998 / Accepted: 10 September 1998     

高效纤维素分解菌在蔬菜-花卉秸秆联合好氧堆肥中的应用

以滇池流域典型的蔬菜废物和花卉秸秆为堆肥原料,以本实验室筛选、保存的17株纤维素降解菌和1株购买的产黄纤维单胞菌(Cellulomonas Flavigena)为复合接种剂,对不同接种条件和控温条件下的联合堆肥中试进行了研究.实验结果表明,在一次发酵的初始阶段,以体积分数0.5%的接种量向堆肥中接种纤维素降解复合菌剂可有效提高发酵过程堆料中纤维素降解菌的种群密度,并使其迅速成为优势菌群,尤其是当堆体处于控温55℃的工况条件时,其菌群密度可保持在3.84×10⁹～1.80×10¹⁰CFU/g;在二次发酵的初始阶段,以体积分数1%的接种量接种,可有效提高二次发酵阶段堆温的回升.对堆料中木质素和纤维素含量以及堆肥终产物的粒径分布指标--过筛率的检测表明,接种的复合纤维素降解菌可有效地降解堆料中的木质纤维素,接种处理中纤维素的降解率比不接种处理高23.64%,接种处理堆肥终产物的过筛率(2.0 cm)比不接种处理高18.28%.研究表明,用纤维素降解复合菌剂进行二次接种二次发酵,能够有效地促进蔬菜-花卉秸秆联合好氧堆肥中物料的纤维素组分的降解,达到加快堆肥进程,提高堆肥品质的目的.