Degradation of a chiral nonylphenol isomer in two agricultural soils

The degradation of a chiral nonylphenol isomer, 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethylpentyl)phenol (NP₁₁₂), in two agricultural soils from Monheim and Dortmund, Germany has been studied. The degradation of NP₁₁₂ and the formation of a nitro-nonylphenol metabolite were determined by means of GC-MS analysis. The degradation followed bi-exponential order kinetics, with half-life of less than 5 days in both soils. The nitro-metabolite was found at different concentration levels in the two soils. The nitro-metabolite of NP₁₁₂ was more persistent than its parent compound. After 150 days about 13% of the initially applied NP₁₁₂ remained in the Monheim soil as its nitro-metabolite. Results of the E-screen assay revealed that the nitro-NP₁₁₂ has oestrogenic potency of 85% of that of NP₁₁₂. Furthermore, the results of chiral GC-MS analysis revealed that no chiral degradation of NP₁₁₂ occurred in this study.     

热解终温对污泥热解残渣特性的影响

研究了热解终温对污泥热解残渣物理化学特性的影响,着重分析了不同热解终温下污泥热解残渣的比表面积、孔结构与吸附性能,并根据傅里叶红外光谱分析污泥热解残渣表面化学性质变化.研究表明,与污泥干燥基相比,污泥热解残渣中的水分、挥发分含量较低,灰分和固定碳含量较高;热解终温为500℃时,污泥热解残渣的总比表面积达到最大值20.1...     

各类VOCs在蜂窝陶瓷型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的催化燃烧性能

以涂有CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的堇青石蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,用浸渍法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷型整体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,测试了该催化剂催化燃烧各类VOCs的特性。研究表明,VOCs催化燃烧的难易程度为：含氯烃〉烷烃〉酸〉芳烃〉酮〉酯〉醇〉醛。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对含氧有机化合物具有较好的催化活性,完全燃烧温度均在280℃之内。通过关联VOCs的理化性质,发现VOCs在La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的反应活性与VOCs分子中最弱C—H键键能和VOCs分子极性密切联系。     

生物接触氧化法处理稠油污水实验研究

将从稠油污水中筛选出的3株高效烃类降解菌株HD-1、HD-2和HD-3用于稠油污水处理，研究了单一菌株和混合菌株对原油和COD的去除率。实验结果表明，单一菌株对原油和COD具有很好的去除效果，混合菌株对原油和COD去除效果更加显著。室内模拟实验结果表明，在停留时间为6 h时，含油量和COD分别为30 mg/L和300 mg/L时，经过生物接触氧化处理，出水含油量和COD分别降至1 mg/L和50 mg/L以下，达到了反渗透膜组件预处理的要求，为稠油污水热采锅炉用水回用提供了理论基础。     

纯苯储罐腐蚀状况分析与预防对策

针对苯储罐外壁局部腐蚀严重和储罐内壁自上而下逐渐严重的均匀腐蚀现象,结合实际,对储罐内、外壁的腐蚀机理及影响因素进行了分析,指出了引起罐壁内、外腐蚀的主要原因,提出了加强储罐定期检查,减缓罐壁腐蚀等措施。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的白家包滑坡库水位消落可靠度分析

可靠度理论考虑了滑坡岩土体本身的复杂性、离散型、不确定性,相比传统确定单一的滑坡稳定系数算法,通过可靠度指标、失效概率、各参数敏感性等对滑坡稳定性进行综合评价,更加符合工程实际。基于蒙特卡罗随机抽样算法,通过3 000次模拟抽样对三峡库区白家包滑坡在库水位消落两种工况下的可靠度和参数敏感性进行了对比分析。滑坡可靠度分析表明:两种工况下滑坡整体都表现出随着库水位快速消落其稳定系数均值减小、失效概率增大,且库水位消落速率越大这种现象越明显;当以工况2运行时滑坡失效概率超过50%,滑坡整体有失稳的可能。滑坡参数敏感性分析表明:两种工况下该滑坡滑带土体的重度(γ)与滑坡稳定系数呈现微弱的正相关性,且随着库水位消落其相关性呈现增大的趋势;滑带土体的内摩擦角(φ)与滑坡稳定系数的正相关性远大于内聚力(c),且随着库水位快速消落这种正相关性呈现微小的削弱;对比两种工况,工况2参数敏感性"增幅"、"降幅"都大于工况1。     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.     

Ca2+、Mg2+共存对SBR工艺生物脱氮和微生物群落结构的影响

为了研究共存的硬度金属离子在废水生物处理中的作用,在进水Ca~(2+)为1.1 mmol·L~(-1)的条件下,通过改变Mg~(2+)的浓度,考察Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比对SBR工艺污染物去除和微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析微生物优势种群的变化,以期从微生物角度明确Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)共存对生物脱氮的影响机制.结果表明:当Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比分别为2、1和0.5时,COD去除率由88%分别升高至90%、91%和93%;NH~+_4-N去除率由74%分别升高至91%、93%和96%;TN去除率由44%分别升高至58%、62%和69%.随着进水Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比的降低,微生物群落的丰富度升高,Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比为2的微生物群落结构与Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比为1和0.5的微生物群落结构差异显著.变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门一直为SBR工艺的优势菌门,有利于有机污染物的去除.参与脱氮过程的Niabella和Dechloromonas在反应器内富集,保证了良好的脱氮效果.Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)物质的量比的降低促进了有机物和总氮的去除及微生物多样性的提高.