Improved preparation and identification of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts by solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Aristolochic acid (AA) is a known nephrotoxin and potential carcinogen, which can form covalent DNA adducts after metabolic activation in vivo and in vitro. A simple method for preparation and characterization of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts was developed. Four AA-adducts were synthesized by a direct reaction of AAI/AAII with 2’-deoxynucleosides. The reaction mixture was first cleaned-up and pre-concentrated using solid phase extraction (SPE), and further purified by a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By the application of developed SPE procedure, matrices and byproducts in reaction mixture could be greatly reduced and adducts of high purity (more than 94% as indicated by HPLC) were obtained. The purified AA-DNA adducts were identified and characterized with liquid-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and LC-Diode array detector-fluorescence (LC-DAD-FL) analysis. This work provides a robust tool for possible large-scale preparation of AA-DNA adduct standards, which can promote the further studies on carcinogenic and mutagenic mechanism of aristolochic acids.     

Alternative poultry litter storage for improved transportation and use as a soil amendment

Transportation of poultry litter out of nutrient limited watersheds such as the Illinois River basin (eastern Oklahoma) is a logical solution for minimizing phosphorus (P) losses from soils to surface waters. Transportation costs are basedon mass of load and distance transported. This study investigated an alternative litter storage technique designed to promote carbon (C) degradation, thereby concentrating nutrients for the purpose of decreasing transportation costs through decreased mass. Poultry litter was stored in 0.90-Mg conical piles under semipermeable tarps and adjusted to 40% moisture content, tested with and without addition of alum (aluminum sulfate). additional study was conducted using 3.6-Mg piles under the same conditions, except tested with and without use of aeration pipes. Samples were analyzed before and after (8 wk) storage. Litter mass degradation (i.e., loss in mass due to organic matter decomposition) was estimated on the basis of changes in litter total P contents. Additional characterization included pH, total nutrients, moisture content, total C, and degree of humification. Litter storage significantly decreased litter mass (16 to 27%), concentrated nutrients such as P and potassium (K) and increased proportion of fulvic and humic acids. The addition of aeration pipes increased mass degradationrelative to piles without aeration pipes. Nitrogen volatilization losses were minimized with alum additions. Increases in P and K concentrations resulted in greater monetary value per unit mass compared with fresh litter. Such increases translate to increased litter shipping distance and cost savings of $17.2 million over 25 yr for litter movement out of eastern Oklahoma.     

膜生物反应器中污泥膨胀和腐败研究

针对聚醚砜膜生物反应器处理豆制品废水时发生的丝状菌污泥膨胀和污泥腐败问题,进行了实验研究。试验结果表明:污泥膨胀是由pH过低和有机负荷过高引起的,通过投加无水Na2CO3调节碱度和降低有机负荷,污泥沉降性能很快得到了改善;污泥腐败则是因废水厌氧降解过程所释放的NH3,CO2,H2S等气体所致。     

传统的超越与反思：可持续发展普世伦理的构建

本文认为可持续发展本涉及的是普世伦理问题,可持续发展目标的实现有赖于普适伦理规范的建立。在此基础上,本文初步分析了普世伦理的前提和原则,较详细地探讨了人与自然的伦理关系。     

2021年江苏盐城海域MS5.3地震震源机制中心解及基于震源机制的区域应力场反演∗

2021 年 11 月 17 日江苏盐城近海区域发生 M_S5.3 地震，该地震的发震机制及其原因引起地球科学家的广泛关注，为分析地震发生的原因，本次地震的震源机制解和区域应力场的精确确定是必要的。本研究综合多种机构的震源机制解数据确定了可信的震源机制中心解。为保证震源区域应力场求解的精度，本文搜集了地震周围 2016 年以前的历史震源机制解数据，并利用地震观测报告，得到 22 个 2016 年之后地震的震源机制解，使用结合后的震源机制解数据求解了江苏盐城海域 M_S5.3 地震周围的应力场。最终结果为：江苏盐城海域 M_S5.3 地震的震源机制中心解节面 I 走向 104.95°，倾角 70.91°，滑动角 26.45°，节面 II 走向 5.70°，倾角 65.11°，滑动角 158.86°；研究区域的主压应力呈 ENE‐WSW 向分布，主张应力呈 NWN‐SES 向分布。将应力场投影到震源机制中心解节面上，发现两个节面均处于相对剪应力很高的水平，说明此次地震是在构造应力场作用下发生在剪应力最大释放节面上的地震，是应力积累后的一次正常释放，周边再次发生大地震的可能性减小。考虑到应力场投影到节面 II 的相对剪切应力较节面 I大，并且节面 II与苏北—滨海断裂走向更为接近，确定节面 II为本次地震的发震断层面。