电子废弃物回收利用体系建设初探

电子废弃物是目前世界上增长最快的固体废弃物之一，其不合理处置会造成人体健康危害和环境污染，作为一种潜在可回收利用的二次资源，正日益引起人们的高度关注。概述了当前世界上一些发达国家电子废弃物回收利用体系现状，分析了我国目前的相关情况，提出了建设电子废弃物综合回收利用体系对于构建循环经济和和谐社会的必要性与重要性。     

Seasonal variations of monoterpene emissions from Pinus densiflora in East Asia

The emission rates and compositions of monoterpene from Pinus densiflora were investigated in the Gumsung (GM) and Worak (WM) mountains. The standard emission rates (ERs: ERs is the monoterpene emission rate at standard temperature, 30 degrees C) from P. densiflora ranged from 0.817 to 1.704 (mugC/gdw-h). The ERs and beta-values of total monoterpene were measured at the two study sites (GM and WM). In the spring and summer, the ERs were the highest, while relatively low values (<0.058mugC/gdw-h) were measured in the autumn and winter. In GM and WM sites the beta-value obtained for the different seasons ranged from 0.047 to 0.179, with an average of 0.09. The major monoterpene compounds from P. densiflora were alpha-pinene, myrcene, beta-phellandrene, d-limonene and alpha-terpinene. The fractional compositions of individual monoterpene compounds were significantly different between the two test sites in the summer and winter. The ERs of the older group (31-40 years) were higher than those in the younger group (21-30 years). However, the monoterpene compositions were similar between the two age groups.     

我国城市地下空间开发研究初论

城市地下空间是城市空间资源的重要组成部分，在提高土地利用效率、缓解城市矛盾、节约能源、保护环境等方面起着举足轻重的作用，其开发利用与规划工作已被国家列入城市规划的重要内容。回顾国内地下空间开发方面的研究，可以概括为解决了开发情况介绍、开发效益分析、内部环境研究、利用规划管理4类，只要我们解决了研究存在的一些问题，就可更好推动我国地下空间建设健康协调发展。     

绵竹市地表水环境质量现状及水环境容量分析

本文通过对绵竹市污染源现状调查及地表水环境现状评价，计算并分析了境内主要河流的水环境容量。绵竹市地表水环境污染较为严重，水环境容量短缺已成为绵竹市主要环境制约因素。为实现绵竹市水环境保护与经济社会的可持续发展，需及时采取污染物总量控制、工业污染防治、生活污水处理、控制农村面源污染等一系列措施。     

AB工艺污水厂冬季运行效果分析

对乌鲁木齐市某AB工艺污水厂冬季实际运行效果进行监测分析。结果表明：冬季水温降低不影响AB工艺对BOD₅的去除效果,BOD5的去除率平均达到88.8%，但COD和SS的去除效果下降；在A段氨氮去除率为35%，经过B段后，氨氮含量反又上升，去除率下降为7.8%左右；降低了A段除磷效果,去除率仅29%，B段则表现出稳定的除磷效果，出水总磷稳定在1.0 mg/L以下，AB工艺总磷去除率达到80%。     

Characteristics and driving factors of marsh changes in Zhalong wetland of China

Zhalong National Nature Reserve in the northeast of China is a large wetland and a habitat of hundreds species of fauna and flora. The rare red-crowned crane is one kind of endangered birds in it. Recently, Zhalong wetland is shrinking and it encounters many problems including occasional fires, bad water quality, human activities, etc. In order to find out a proper way to protect and restore the wetland, this study, using a geographic information system, the global positioning system and remote sensing techniques, analyses the spatial characteristics of the changes in marsh landscape pattern and examines the driving factors for these changes. Data sources include 8 Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images of Zhalong area in the period of 1986–2002 and the investigation information on site. Based on the analysis of changes of marsh area and annual precipitation during the 16 years, it is found that there is a close correlation between annual precipitation and marsh area. It means that climate is one of driving factors of marsh pattern changes. To understand influences of other kinds of land uses on marsh spatial distribution in Zhalong wetland, this paper analyses the relationship between marsh and different kinds of land uses, such as water surface, residential area, farmland, salina land and grass land, respectively. According to the patch analysis theory, a fragmental index and a fractal dimension of the marsh are calculated with perimeter-area method. The results indicate that the marsh pattern is affected by human activities significantly. In addition, the location alteration of marsh centroid point over the 16 years is studied. The movement trace of marsh centroid point is concerned with different hydrological situation in different areas of the wetland. In summary the characteristics of the marsh landscape pattern evolution during the 16 years are affected by multiple driving factors. The main driving factors are climate, human activities, distribution of other kinds of land uses and hydrological situation in different areas.     

广东某市疫情期间污水中精神药物的分布特征和滥用评价

采用污水流行病学的方法，研究了2020年新冠疫情期间及前后广东省某市生活污水中两种典型精神药物甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮的赋存特征及其变化情况，并运用手机信令数据分析人口总数、结构特征及其变动规律，进而将两者结合分析了疫情期间及前后两种药物的消费量变化特征.结果表明，疫情期间该市实际人口相对于疫情前下降了约45%，两种药物总消费量相对于疫情前下降了约75%.总消费量的显著下降很大程度是由疫情期间实际人口下降造成的.实际上，疫情期间该市甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮的人均消费水平相对于疫情前下降不到50%.考虑到疫情期间严格的管控措施，这一下降幅度说明这两种精神类药物滥用极其顽固；而疫情后两种药物的消费量及在环境中的浓度又基本恢复到疫情前的水平，进一步证明了精神类药物滥用的顽固性.     

卷烟膨胀烟丝生产线冷端CO_2泵装置的优化改进

为解决干冰膨胀烟丝生产线冷端液体工艺泵因机械密封长期超压和气缚现象造成损坏发生CO2泄漏而导致紧急停机抢修的问题,对干冰膨胀线冷端工艺罐系统进行了优化改进。在工艺泵吸口前管路引一根气相平衡管至工艺罐顶部,当泵吸口前管路有CO2液体时,输送管路内气化的CO2气体通过气相平衡管线释放回工艺罐内,不会进入工艺泵体内。应用结果表明,工艺泵内的憋压和气缚现象消失了,机械密封受到保护。改造前机械密封平均一个季度更换一次,改造后机械密封使用5年未损毁,达到保护干冰膨胀线冷端工艺泵机械密封的目的。     

基于贝叶斯网络的航空维修人因可靠性分析

根据维修人为因素分析和分类扩展系统的框架选取影响因素,在航空维修领域应用贝叶斯网络进行人因可靠性分析,建立飞机维修效能模型,直观地表示影响因素与维修效能之间的关系。同时以目视检测为例,结合专家意见确定随机影响因素,通过专家访谈、事故报告、调查问卷、操作记录等渠道获取数据,得出条件概率表,进而建立目视检测表现模型,展示贝叶斯网络的建模流程。案例研究结果表明,组织文化、视觉信息、设备、疲劳、检测距离等因素对目视检测表现的影响非常显著,欲改善目视检测表现,必须对多影响因素进行综合管理。