RETRACTED ARTICLE: Adaptation strategies of farmers to drought in a changing climate in Dingcheng County,Hunan, southern China

Regional Environmental Change -     

Ecological and Economic System Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis： A Case Study of Northwest Region, China

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and destruction,especially humans’ unreasonable activities,the ecological and economic system(EES) issues of Northwest region in China have attracted more and more attention of the researchers.Aiming at evaluating its ecological and economic system health,a multi-objective evaluation framework called PressureState-Response(PSR) was established to describe the ecological and economic health situations.Meanwhile,an integrative set pair model combining set pair analysis(SPA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP) was proposed to assess the ecological and economic system.Then the EES status of five northwest provinces(Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang) of Northwest region in China was evaluated during 1985 to 2009.The EES development trends of five provinces are obtained.In general,the health values of five provinces showed a rising trend.The health values of five provinces grew rapidly during 1985 to 2000.After 2000,the health values of five provinces still followed the present growth trend,but the growth is relatively smooth.The results show that the method proposed is effective for assessing the health of ecological and economic system.     

China’s Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy:2006-2010

China achieved major progress in low-carbon development during the period of the 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010). The increasing trend of energy intensity and carbon intensity of the economy as seen prior to 2005 was reversed to a sharp decreasing trend, leading to a 19% decrease in energy intensity and 21% decrease in carbon intensity in five years. The enhanced energy efficiency, mostly due to efficiency improvement in power and manufacturing sector, is the major driver of the decrease in carbon intensity of the economy. The development of renewable energy, despite its impressive growth rate, played a minor role because of its small share in the energy mix of the country. Energy con-sumption and energy-related carbon emissions per unit of area in building continued to grow at a lesser rate, which, combined with the fast growth of total building volume, led to fast growth in total energy consumption and carbon emissions in the sector. Similar trend is observed in the transportation sector whose total energy use and carbon emissions continued to grow fast despite slight improvement in energy efficiency. Agricultural energy use experienced a slight change and forestry made a major contribution to carbon sinks. Policy and institutional innovations helped build a solid system of rules for low-carbon development. Improving cost effectiveness of the system remains a major challenge for the next five year plan period.     

Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极在化学需氧量测定中的应用

以钛基掺硼金刚石为基体,采用电沉积的方法制备了Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极,并将其用于化学需氧量(COD)的测定。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射谱图(XRD)表征了电极的微观形貌及结构,采用电化学工作站考察了电极对有机物响应特性。实验结果表明,在1.45 V的低电位条件下,线性范围为0.5～175 mg/L,检测限为0.3 mg/L(S/N=3)。采用Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极测定法和重铬酸钾标准方法对市政污水、食品废水及印染废水的对比结果表明,2种方法的相对误差小于10%,具有良好的一致性。     

土壤中Pb、Cd的稳定化修复技术研究进展

在众多重金属修复技术当中,稳定化技术具有花费少、环境损失小等诸多优势。综述了国内外土壤中Pb、Cd稳定化修复的研究进展;分析了稳定剂的作用机制、土壤中Pb、Cd的赋存形态;探讨了土壤中Pb、Cd稳定化修复的主要影响因素。最后,还提出了稳定化修复技术在土壤中Pb、Cd污染治理应用中尚存在的问题。     

氮磷在水稻土不同发生层中的穿透性研究

为了解氮磷在不同类型水稻土发生层中的迁移特性,从浙江省宁波市和湖州市采集了27个水稻土主要发生层的原状土柱,通过饱和稳定流土柱运移试验,测定了氮和磷在不同发生层中的运移穿透曲线,用平均穿透点评估了NO-3-N、NH 4-N和PO3-4-P在各发生层中的穿透性.结果表明,氮和磷在各发生层中的穿透能力依次为:NO-3-N>NH 4-N>PO3-4-P;NO-3-N在各发生层中的穿透能力依次为:漂洗层(E层)>渗育层(P层)>表土层(A层)>腐泥层(M层)>潴育层(W层)>潜育层(G层)>犁底层(Ap层),NO-3-N的穿透能力主要与土壤饱和导水率有关,随饱和导水率增加而增强;NH 4-N穿透能力依次为:E层>P层>A层>W层>M层>Ap层>G层,NH 4-N穿透能力主要与饱和导水率和粘粒有关,迁移受粘粒明显阻滞;PO3-4-P穿透能力依次为:E层>W层>P层>M层>A层、Ap层>G层,PO3-4-P穿透能力主要受氧化铁等氧化物和粘粒的阻滞.     

Photoinductive activity of humic acid fractions with the presence of Fe(III): the role of aromaticity and oxygen groups involved in fractions

Relationship between the photoinductive activity and the properties of humic acids (HA) fractions were investigated with and without Fe(III). Three fractions were separated based on the molecular weight (M(w)) and were obtained following the order of M(w): F(A)>F(B)>F(C). Compared to F(A) and F(B), photodegradation of atrazine under simulated sunlight was much faster in solution containing F(C), whose structure was dominated by greater aromaticity, more oxygen groups and fluorophores. The interaction of HA fractions and Fe(III) was studied using fluorescence spectrometry and F(C) had the largest quenching constant. The capacity of electron transfer, estimated from the amount of photoformed Fe(II), was also highest for F(C). Thus, the Fe(III)-F(C) complex was efficient in phototransformation of atrazine in nearly neutral aqueous solutions. These results suggest that the aromaticity and oxygen groups content of HA exert great influence on the binding ability of metals and on the fate of pollutants in natural waters.     

二苯甲酮类紫外防晒剂发光菌急性毒性及QSAR研究

二苯甲酮类化合物广泛用于防晒剂、塑料添加剂、香味剂等。随着紫外防晒产品的大量使用,其环境及健康风险越来越受到人们的关注。为揭示二苯甲酮类污染物的毒性特征,选择了14种二苯甲酮类化合物作为目标化合物,测试了它们对发光细菌的急性毒性效应。分别运用二维、三维定量构效相关技术和分子对接技术探讨了目标化合物的分子结构特征对毒性效应的影响。结果表明14种二苯甲酮类化合物对发光菌急性毒性的EC50值在17.67到243.82 mg·L-1范围内,其中2-羟基-4-甲氧基-5-磺酸基二苯甲酮的急性毒性最低,2,2',4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮的毒性最高。羟基取代的二苯甲酮化合物的急性毒性随着分子中羟基数量的增加而升高;具有相同羟基数量的二苯甲酮类化合物,羟基位于苯环4-位时毒性最高,3-位时次之,2-位时毒性最低。QSAR结果表明,运用静电场、氢键受体场和氢键供体场能很好解释这类化合物的毒性特征,若在苯环4-位引入带正电荷的官能团、在苯环2-,4-位引入氢键受体,都将导致毒性升高。上述研究结果将为科学评价该类化合物的潜在生态风险提供基础数据。     

Atmospheric PCDD/F and PCB levels implicated by pine (Cedrus deodara) needles at Dalian, China

Dalian is a seaside city situated in the northeastern monsoon area of China. For the first time, levels of PCDD/F and PCB congeners in pine (Cedrus deodara) needles of Dalian urban areas were investigated. Two sampling campaigns with 17 sampling points were performed in 2002. The summation of tetra- to octachlorinated PCDD/Fs and summation of 209 PCB congeners in Dalian pine needles averaged 127+/-40 ng/kg (dry) and 4389+/-1575 ng/kg (dry), respectively. Average toxic equivalence (TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and PCBs are 2.1 and 0.4 ng/kg (dry), respectively. The pine needles can differentiate spatial variation of the pollutants. The PCDD/F and PCB levels in Dalian pine needles are low or comparable with other international regions that were not impacted by evident point sources. The data can serve as a base for long-term spatial and temporal studies of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in China.