全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1042篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 35篇 |
废物处理 | 29篇 |
环保管理 | 227篇 |
综合类 | 159篇 |
基础理论 | 277篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 208篇 |
评价与监测 | 90篇 |
社会与环境 | 41篇 |
灾害及防治 | 19篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 35篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 46篇 |
2013年 | 69篇 |
2012年 | 46篇 |
2011年 | 62篇 |
2010年 | 57篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 75篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 57篇 |
2005年 | 40篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 29篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1088条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Ian C. Gilby Lauren J. N. Brent Emily E. Wroblewski Rebecca S. Rudicell Beatrice H. Hahn Jane Goodall Anne E. Pusey 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(3):373-381
Coalitionary aggression occurs when at least two individuals jointly direct aggression at one or more conspecific targets. Scientists have long argued that this common form of cooperation has positive fitness consequences. Nevertheless, despite evidence that social bond strength (which is thought to promote coalition formation) is correlated with fitness in primates, cetaceans, and ungulates, few studies have directly examined whether coalitionary aggression improves reproductive success. We tested the hypothesis that among free-ranging chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), participation in coalitionary aggression increases reproductive output. Using 14 years of genetic and behavioral data from Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we found that coalitionary aggression increased a male’s chances of (A) siring offspring, compared to other males of similar dominance rank, and (B) ascending in rank, a correlate of future reproductive output. Because male chimpanzees form coalitions with many others within a complex network, we used social network analysis to identify the types of connections correlated with these fitness benefits. The beneficiaries of coalitionary aggression were males with the highest “betweenness”—that is, those who tended to have coalition partners who themselves did not form coalitions with each other. This suggests that beyond simply recognizing third-party relationships, chimpanzees may use this knowledge to choose coalition partners. If so, this is a significant step forward in our knowledge of the adaptive value of social intelligence. Regardless of mechanism, however, this is the first evidence of genetic benefits of coalitionary aggression in this species, and therefore has important implications for understanding the evolution of cooperation. 相似文献
82.
Ed Gidman Royston Goodacre Bridget Emmett Lucy J. Sheppard Ian D. Leith Dylan Gwynn-Jones 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):251-258
The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha?1 yr?1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution. 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
86.
Ian J. Bateman 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1996,39(1):21-44
The UK Forestry Commission's recently implemented Community Woodland scheme sets out to provide new recreational woodland facilities near to towns and cities where such resources are in short supply. This study examines household willingness to pay (WTP) for such a proposed woodland by means of the contingent valuation (CV) method. A stratified sample of 325 households in Wantage, Oxfordshire, was interviewed and asked to state both their annual and per-visit WTP. Analysis of a number of recognized potential biases suggested that the results obtained must be treated with caution although we argue that the CV provides a useful ballpark indication of preferences. A simultaneous CV survey of farmers' willingness to accept compensation for converting agricultural land into woodland proved to be far more robust, despite a small sample size. We conclude that farmers are more familiar with the concept of assessing potential compensation than are households with estimating hypothetical payments for increased provision of public goods. 相似文献
87.
Lower urinary tract obstruction has a significant impact on neonatal and child health. Pulmonary hyperplasia and renal impairment could be direct or indirect consequences of this condition leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of fetuses with suspected lower urinary tract obstruction is performed not only to confirm the diagnosis but also to assess renal prognosis. Ultrasound examination and urinary analysis aid in the evaluation of these fetuses. The decision to perform fetal intervention in these cases is a difficult one. Vesico‒amniotic fetal shunting, open fetal surgery and more recently endoscopic fetal surgery for this condition are available as possible modalities of fetal intervention. Case selection for fetal intervention is extremely important in order to both avoid unnecessary intervention in those unlikely to survive, and also to avoid procedure related complications in fetuses likely to do well without intervention. Vesico‒amniotic shunting has the advantage of bypassing the obstruction, however it is often associated with complications. Open fetal surgery is not usually recommended because of the complications and high fetal loss rate. Endoscopic surgery to visualise and treat the cause of lower urinary tract obstruction has been tried. Fetal endoscopic surgery is in its infancy and endoscopic procedures are limited to a few groups. This current review addresses evaluation, case selection and therapeutic options for lower urinary tract obstruction in utero. It also discusses the limited data against which the efficacy of the various options can be assessed. The current state of fetal intervention is detailed in the present review. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
Studies of the otariids (fur seals and sea lions), a highly sexually dimorphic group, have provided conflicting evidence of
differential maternal expenditure in male and female offspring and, thus, suggestions that they conform to predictions of
investment theory are equivocal. Since the mid-1970s, a diversity of research on Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) including studies of their reproductive ecology, lactation energetics, and foraging behaviour have been conducted at Bird
Island, South Georgia that have resulted in one of the more complete and diverse data sets for any species of otariid. These
long-term data were reviewed to determine whether there was any evidence to support that differential maternal expenditure
occurred in Antarctic fur seals. Most of the data examined were collected during five consecutive austral summers from 1988
through 1992 and included years in which local food resources were abundant and scarce. We were unable to detect differences
in the sex ratios of pups at birth or sex-biased differences in growth rates estimated from serial data, the number of foraging
trips made, the duration of attendance ashore, diving behaviour, suckling behaviour, or milk consumption in any year and in
the duration of foraging trips or age at weaning in 2 of 3 years. In addition, we found no evidence of greater reproductive
costs between mothers with sons or daughters relative to their reproductive performance the following year. In contrast, sex-biased
differences were only found in the duration of foraging trips in 1990, the age at weaning in 1988, and consistently in growth
rates estimated from cross-sectional data. We suggest that differential maternal expenditure does not occur in Antarctic fur
seals because male pups probably do not gain greater benefit from additional maternal expenditure than female pups. After
weaning, males experience a period of rapid juvenile growth over 3–4 years during which time body mass nearly trebles. This
growth will almost certainly be dependent upon available food resources then rather than on any maternal expenditure received
over the first 4 months of life and, thus, the assumptions of the Trivers and Willard hypothesis are probably invalid for
Antarctic fur seals.
Received: 10 July 1996 / Accepted after revision: 3 March 1997 相似文献
89.
90.