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71.
This study determined the concentration of three heavy metals zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in soil and in a woody plant species, Milicia excelsa, at Ishiagu quarry, Nigeria. The highest soil concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in soil were obtained at 1?m from the quarry site. In M. excelsa, the highest concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd were 3.12–9.1, 3.9–6.01, and 0.51–1.12?mg?kg?1, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between Cd and Zn (r?=?0.963) and Cd and Pb (r?=?0.974) in plants as well as between Cd and Pb (r?=?9.84) in soil. The level of Cd in soil reflected significant pollution compared to average global concentrations in soils. 相似文献
72.
Hany Alonso José P. Granadeiro Vitor H. Paiva Ana S. Dias Jaime A. Ramos Paulo Catry 《Marine Biology》2012,159(6):1197-1207
In pelagic seabirds, who often explore distant food resources, information is usually scarce on the level of trophic segregation
between parents and their offspring. To investigate this issue, we used GPS tracking, stable isotopes and dietary information
of Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in contrasting environments. Foraging trips at Selvagem Grande (an oceanic island) mainly targeted the distant African
coast, while at Berlenga island (located on the continental shelf), shearwaters foraged mainly over nearby shelf waters. The
degree of isotopic segregation between adults and chicks, based on δ13C, differed markedly between the two sites, indicating that adult birds at Selvagem fed their chicks with a mixture of shelf
and offshore pelagic prey but assimilated more prey captured on coastal shelf waters. Isotopic differences between age classes
at Berlenga were much smaller and may have resulted from limited dietary segregation or from age-related metabolic differences.
The diet of shearwaters was also very different between the two colonies, with offshore pelagic prey only being detected at
Selvagem Grande. Our findings suggest that spatial foraging constraints influence resource partitioning between pelagic seabirds
and their offspring and can lead to a parent–offspring dietary segregation. 相似文献
73.
Barrueto Yahaira Hernández Pía Jiménez Yecid Morales Jaime 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):2028-2036
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The rise in the electronics industry has impacted the environment through the large volumes of waste that are improperly disposed of and the... 相似文献
74.
Some organisms use morphological structures obtained by behavioural processes to lower mortality by predation. We test whether
larvae of the limnephilid caddisfly Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis) vary their responses to the presence of different predators (dragonfly naiads, fire salamander larvae or brown trout)
by choosing organic or mineral cases. We offered both case types to larvae, and simulated differences in predation risk using
water conditioned with chemicals from the different predators. Our results show that Potamophylax larvae detect and discriminate predators using water-borne chemical cues and alter their choice of case type according to
the perceived predation risk. Moreover, the distribution of larvae bearing cases of different anti-predator value matches
the spatial variation in predation risk in the field. 相似文献
75.
Juan Moreno Santiago Merino Jaime Potti Ana de León Rosa Rodríguez 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(4):244-251
We manipulated parental work load without changing brood size in a population of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by removing two primaries (7 and 9) from each wing of females, thus reducing wing area and increasing flight costs. At other
nests, we offered supplementary food in the form of live mealworms (10–20 g daily from hatching) to reduce brood demand and
thus parental foraging costs. Other nests were left as controls. The daily energy expenditure of females feeding 12-day-old
nestlings was measured with doubly labelled water D2
18O. Females in both treatments expended the same amount of energy, fed at the same rate and had similar body masses to birds
in the control group. No effect of treatment on male mass and feeding effort was detected. More nestlings, however, died in
nests of handicapped females. Nestlings of handicapped females had significantly lower body mass and haematocrit values than
nestlings in food-supplemented nests, with nestlings in control nests occupying an intermediate position. The effects of both
treatments on nestling mass, haematocrit values and mortality rates were only noticeable in nests infested with mites. Maternal
energy expenditure is apparently constrained and offspring pay the costs imposed by reduced provisioning rate or increased
demand caused by ectoparasites, while receiving benefits when food supply improves. The presumption that avian reproductive
costs derive from changes in a flexible energy output may not be met in many cases.
Received: 24 October 1998 / Received in revised form: 15 March 1999 / Accepted: 26 April 1999 相似文献
76.
Rodrigues Ana Sofia Silveira Jefferson E. Carbajo Jaime Zazo Juan A. Casas Jose A. Fernandes Annabel Pacheco Maria José Ciríaco Lurdes Lopes Ana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23822-23832
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Perovskite oxides BaFeyTi1-yO3, with y = 0, 0.6, 0.8 and 1, were prepared by ceramic (CM) and complex polymerization methods (CPM) and utilized in... 相似文献
77.
Diamond J Stribling JB Stribling JR Huff L Gilliam J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2247-2260
Many organizations in the USA collect aquatic bioassessment data using different sampling and analysis methods, most of which
have unknown performance in terms of data quality produced. Thus, the comparability of bioassessments produced by different
organizations is often unknown, ultimately affecting our ability to make comprehensive assessments on large spatial scales.
We evaluated a pilot approach for determining bioassessment performance using macroinvertebrate data obtained from several
states in the Southeastern USA. Performance measures evaluated included precision, sensitivity, and responsiveness to a human
disturbance gradient, defined in terms of a land disturbance index value for each site, combined with a value for specific
conductance, and instream habitat quality. A key finding of this study is the need to harmonize ecoregional reference conditions
among states so as to yield more comparable and consistent bioassessment results. Our approach was also capable of identifying
potential areas for refinement such as reevaluation of less precise, sensitive, or responsive metrics that may result in suboptimal
index performance. Higher performing bioassessments can yield information beyond “impaired” versus “unimpaired” condition.
Acknowledging the limitations of this pilot study, we would recommend that performance evaluations use at least 50 sites,
10 of which are ecoregional reference sites. Efforts should be made to obtain data from the entire human disturbance gradient
in an ecoregion to improve statistical confidence in performance measures. Having too few sites will result in an under-representation
of certain parts of the disturbance gradient (e.g., too few poor quality sites), which may bias sensitivity and responsiveness
estimates. 相似文献
78.
79.
Jaime Aníbal Hélder T. Madeira Liliana F. Carvalho Eduardo Esteves Cristina Veiga-Pires Carlos Rocha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13324-13334
Aquaculture effluents are rich in nitrogen compounds that may enhance local primary productivity, leading to the development of algae blooms. The goal of this study was to assess the potential use of naturally occurring green macroalgae (Ulva and Enteromorpha) as bioremediators for nitrogen-rich effluents from a fish aquaculture plant, by evaluating their respective uptake dynamics under controlled conditions. Ulva and Enteromorpha were incubated separately in aquaculture effluent from a local pilot station. Algae tissue and water samples were collected periodically along 4 h. For each sample, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations were quantified in the effluent, while internal algae reserve pools and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) were determined within the algae tissues. Both macroalgae absorbed all dissolved inorganic nitrogen compounds in less than 1 h, favoring ammonia over nitrate. Ulva stored nitrate temporarily as an internal reserve and only used it after ammonia availability decreased, whereas Enteromorpha stored and metabolized ammonia and nitrate simultaneously. These distinct dynamics of ammonia and nitrate uptake supported an increase in NRA during the experiment. This study supports the hypothesis that Ulva or Enteromorpha can be used as bioremediators in aquaculture effluents to mitigate excess of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. 相似文献
80.
Eduardo V. V. Varej?o Carlos R. Bellato Maur��cio P. F. Fontes Jaime W. V. Mello 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,172(1-4):631-642
The Iron Quadrangle has been one of the most important gold production regions in Brazil since the end of the seventeenth century. There, arsenic occurs in close association with sulfide-rich auriferous rocks. The most abundant sulfide minerals are pyrite and arsenopyrite, yet trace metal sulfides occur in subordinate phases as well. Historical mining activities have been responsible for the release of As and trace metals to both aquatic and terrestrial environments close to mining sites in the region. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the distribution and mobility of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in streams in the southeast portion of the Iron Quadrangle between the municipalities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, the oldest Brazilian Au mining province. Total concentrations of some trace metals and arsenic in water were determined. The four-stage sequential extraction procedure proposed by the commission of the European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) was used to investigate the distribution of these elements in stream sediments. Arsenic concentration in water was >10 ??g L???1 (maximum limit permitted by Brazilian environmental regulations for water destined for human consumption) at all sampling sites, varying between 36.7 and 68.3 ??g L???1. Sequential extraction in sediments showed high concentrations of As and trace metals associated with easily mobilized fractions. 相似文献