Science advocacy in political rhetoric and actions

Environment Systems and Decisions - ‘Science’ is a proportionately small but recurring constituent in the rhetorical lexicon of political leaders. To evaluate the use of science-related...     

Wilderness forms and their implications for global environmental policy and conservation

With the intention of securing industry-free land and seascapes, protecting wilderness entered international policy as a formal target for the first time in the zero draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Given this increased prominence in international policy, it is timely to consider the extent to which the construct of wilderness supports global conservation objectives. We evaluated the construct by overlaying recently updated cumulative human pressure maps that offer a global-scale delineation of industry-free land as wilderness with maps of carbon stock, species richness, and ground travel time from urban centers. Wilderness areas took variable forms in relation to carbon stock, species richness, and proximity to urban centers, where 10% of wilderness areas represented high carbon and species richness, 20% low carbon and species richness, and 3% high levels of remoteness (>48 h), carbon, and species richness. Approximately 35% of all remaining wilderness in 2013 was accessible in <24 h of travel time from urban centers. Although the construct of wilderness can be used to secure benefits in specific contexts, its application in conservation must account for contextual and social implications. The diverse characterization of wilderness under a global environmental conservation lens shows that a nuanced framing and application of the construct is needed to improve understanding, communication, and retention of its variable forms as industry-free places.     

2010—2016年上海城区臭氧长时间序列变化特征初探

基于2010—2016年上海城区近地面大气臭氧（O₃）的连续在线观测数据，研究了上海城区O₃长时间序列变化规律和污染特征.结果表明，近7年来上海城区O₃污染逐渐凸显，但总体以轻度污染为主，7—8月高温炎热季节以中度污染居多.城区O₃-8 h（臭氧日最大8 h滑动平均）年均增速为3.81 μg·m^-3·a^-1，99%和95%分位值增速较快，分别为6.65和4.94 μg·m^-3·a^-1；25%、50%和75%分位值的增速在3.06~4.45 μg·m^-3·a^-1之间.春季O₃浓度均值较高，年际变化小；夏季极值较高，且污染超标情况最为突出；秋季O₃浓度次于春、夏季，冬季最低；夏、秋和冬季O₃浓度总体呈上升态势.O₃日变化呈"单峰型"，最大值出现在13：00左右，且峰值逐年增加，污染持续时间变长，最小值出现在早晨7：00.城区O₃"周末效应"逐渐减弱.基于KZ过滤器方法的数据分析结果表明，上海城区O₃-8 h长期变化主要受O₃-BF（O₃-8 h的基准组分）影响；O₃-SF（O₃-8 h的天气影响组分）在5—9月对O₃-8 h影响较大，其范围为-98.85~139.60 μg·m^-3.