Numerical simulation of the large-scale malignant environmental pollution incident

With the development of economy, the expansion in industrial production resulted in the increase in the number of malignant environmental pollution incidents. The dispersion of toxic gaseous materials was chosen for study in detail, which took the ‘12.23’ Kaixian blowout accident in Chongqing as an example. This paper firstly reviewed the ‘12.23’ Kaixian blowout accident. Then, the physical boundary conditions including initial conditions were outlined to form an integrated mathematical problem. Thirdly, the blowout accident was simulated for a period of 5 h. In term of criteria for acute poisoning, simulation results were analyzed using the concentration slices that can serve for the decision-making. Finally, based on the analysis of simulation result, four important conclusions were put forward that can be used for the design of emergency evacuation routes.     

Enhanced coagulation with polyaluminum chlorides: role of pH/alkalinity and speciation

Enhanced coagulation is considered to be among the best available techniques (BAT) for disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor removal in water treatment. Improving existing understanding requires further consideration of nuances of chemical speciation relative to source water chemistry. In this paper, the effect of alkalinity/pH and speciation on inorganic polymer flocculants, polyaluminum chlorides (PACls) for enhanced particle and natural organic matter (NOM) removal was investigated. Three kinds of well-characterized typical source waters in China with low, moderate, and high alkalinity were selected. Performance of coagulants is controlled not only by preformed species but also by those formed in situ. At neutral and basic pH values, PACls with higher basicity (ratio of OH(-)/Al), which have more stable preformed Alb (the rapid reacted species as in ferron assay), are more efficient for turbidity and NOM removal. At slightly acidic pH, PACls with lower basicity are more efficient since more Alb can be formed in situ. Optimal NOM removal was achieved at pH 5.5-6.5 for all PACls. Basicity, speciation, and dosage of coagulant should be optimized based on raw water alkalinity to enhance the removal efficiency of NOM.     

反硝化脱氮固体碳源材料研究进展

在污水处理中，固体碳源是制约生物反硝化脱氮的重要因素。天然固体碳源有着丰富的来源，但是机械强度低；人工合成固体碳源有很好的物理性质，但是造价较高；天然高分子材料经过改造后具有价格低、物性好的优点，因而成为研究的热点，且具有很好的市场前景。     

潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地污水净化效率

构建了潮汐流-潜流组合和潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地对污水进行处理，分别研究2种组合人工湿地对污水的净化效果。结果表明，在平均进水COD浓度为214．28mg／L、NH4＋-N浓度为10．57mg／L、PO34--P浓度为5．44mg／L、TN浓度为10．25mg／L，水力负荷为o．2m3／（m2·d）的条件下，潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地对COD、PO34--P的去除率分别为58．28％和46．99％，与潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地处理效果相近；对NH4＋-N、TN，潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地的去除率分别为69．93％和71．03％，比潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地分别高15％和33％。潮汐流-潜流人工湿地的组合，在系统内实现了硝化-反硝化的组合，强化了系统对TN的净化效果，其对TN的净化效果比-般的潜流和表面流人工湿地组合提高20％～30％。总体上，潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地具有更好的净化效果。     

旋转填充床吸收模拟工业废气中SO2的研究

选择3%SO2作为模拟工业废气,一乙醇胺（MEA）作为吸收剂在超重力条件下对模拟工业废气中脱硫工艺进行了实验研究,考察了旋转填充床转速、气液比、吸收剂入口温度以及吸收剂浓度对脱硫率的影响,确定了MEA作为吸收剂时适宜的操作条件。同时在旋转填充床中考察了几种不同吸收剂对3%SO2脱除率的影响。研究表明,1 mol/L哌嗪（PZ）的脱除率最优,1 mol/L N-甲基乙醇胺（MDEA）的脱除率最低。     

旋转填充床吸收模拟工业废气中SO2的研究

选择3%SO2作为模拟工业废气,一乙醇胺(MEA)作为吸收剂在超重力条件下对模拟工业废气中脱硫工艺进行了实验研究,考察了旋转填充床转速、气液比、吸收剂入口温度以及吸收剂浓度对脱硫率的影响,确定了MEA作为吸收剂时适宜的操作条件.同时在旋转填充床中考察了几种不同吸收剂对3%SO2脱除率的影响.研究表明,1 mol/L哌嗪...     

新疆油田气井压井液研究与回收利用

针对新疆克拉美丽气田火山岩气藏固相堵塞、滤液侵入等潜在伤害因素,研制了GCP无固相气井压井液体系。该体系具有无毒、无刺激性、可生物降解、能有效抑制粘土膨胀、低滤失、不与储层中钙、镁等二价离子反应形成无机沉淀以及低腐蚀等特点,可有效保护储层和油、套管。通过循环替液将气井钻井、完井作业使用的泥浆中固相成分和岩屑带出井筒,用过的压井液经过固相清除处理可实现回收再利用,在减少对储层环境污染的同时,降低了压井液使用成本,为在新疆油田公司大规模应用奠定了良好的基础。     

重大工业事故应急响应三维仿真虚拟人模型研究

重大工业事故发生后,高效的应急响应能极大地减少损失,仿真分析方法在应急培训、应急预案制定以及应急决策等方面都具有重要作用.对重大工业事故应急响应三维仿真进行研究,提出了三维仿真虚拟人模型,分析了构成虚拟人的感觉模型、决策模型和行为模型3个子模型,并对某油库区建立三维仿真环境,利用虚拟人进行了仿真分析.结果表明,所构建的虚拟人能够根据环境以及事故的影响进行决策并确定应急行为.     

Separation/degradation behavior and mechanism for cationic/anionic dyes by Ag-functionalized Fe3O4-PDA core-shell adsorbents

● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag was made by hydrothermal and oxidation self-polymerization method. ● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag had great magnetic separation performance. ● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag had good adsorption and degradation performance for ionic dyes. ● PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag showed NR and MO degradation potential of 91.2% and 87.5%, respectively. High-performance adsorbents have been well-studied for the removal of organic dye pollutants to promote environment remediation. In this study, an Ag nanoparticle-functionalized Fe₃O₄-PDA nanocomposite adsorbent (PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag) was synthesized, and the adsorption/separation performance of commonly used cationic and anionic organic dyes by the PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag adsorbent were assessed. Overall, PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity for cationic dyes compared to anionic dyes, the highest of which was more than 110.0 mg/g (methylene blue (MB)), which was much higher than not only the adsorption capacities of the anionic dyes in this study but also other dye adsorption capacities reported in the literature. The dye adsorption kinetics data fitted well to both the pseudo second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting a monolayer-chemisorption-dominated adsorption mode. Thermodynamics analysis indicated that the adsorption process was both endothermic and spontaneous. Furthermore, the PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag adsorbent achieved high photodegradation removal rates of the dyes, especially neutral red (NR) and methyl orange (MO), which were 91.2% and 87.5%, respectively. With the addition of PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag, the degradation rate constants of NR and MO increased from 0.08 × 10⁻² and 0 min⁻¹ to 2.11 × 10⁻² and 1.73 × 10⁻² min⁻¹, respectively. The high adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of the PDA-Fe₃O₄-Ag adsorbent make it an excellent candidate for removing cationic and anionic dyes from the industrial effluents.