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51.
Radić Danka S. Pavlović Vera P. Lazović Milana M. Jovičić-Petrović Jelena P. Karličić Vera M. Lalević Blažo T. Raičević Vera B. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21885-21893
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Modern, efficient, and cost-effective approach to remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is based on the application of microorganisms. In this... 相似文献
52.
53.
Singh KP Singh AK Gupta S Rai P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2063-2078
Purpose
The present study aims to investigate the individual and combined effects of temperature, pH, zero-valent bimetallic nanoparticles (ZVBMNPs) dose, and chloramphenicol (CP) concentration on the reductive degradation of CP using ZVBMNPs in aqueous medium.Method
Iron?Csilver ZVBMNPs were synthesized. Batch experimental data were generated using a four-factor statistical experimental design. CP reduction by ZVBMNPs was optimized using the response surface modeling (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) approaches. The RSM and ANN methodologies were also compared for their predictive and generalization abilities using the same training and validation data set. Reductive by-products of CP were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique.Results
The optimized process variables (RSM and ANN-GA approaches) yielded CP reduction capacity of 57.37 and 57.10?mg?g?1, respectively, as compared to the experimental value of 54.0?mg?g?1 with un-optimized variables. The ANN-GA and RSM methodologies yielded comparable results and helped to achieve a higher reduction (>6%) of CP by the ZVBMNPs as compared to the experimental value. The root mean squared error, relative standard error of prediction and correlation coefficient between the measured and model-predicted values of response variable were 1.34, 3.79, and 0.964 for RSM and 0.03, 0.07, and 0.999 for ANN models for the training and 1.39, 3.47, and 0.996 for RSM and 1.25, 3.11, and 0.990 for ANN models for the validation set.Conclusion
Predictive and generalization abilities of both the RSM and ANN models were comparable. The synthesized ZVBMNPs may be used for an efficient reductive removal of CP from the water. 相似文献54.
Monica Rawat A. P. Rawat Krishna Giri J. P. N. Rai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5198-5211
Chromate-resistant bacterial strain isolated from the soil of tannery was studied for Cr(VI) bioaccumulation in free and immobilised cells to evaluate its applicability in chromium removal from aqueous solution. Based on the comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and phenotypic and biochemical characterization, this strain was identified as Paenibacillus xylanilyticus MR12. Mechanism of Cr adsorption was also ascertained by chemical modifications of the bacterial biomass followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the cell wall constituents. The equilibrium biosorption analysed using isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Redushkevich) and kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, second-order and Weber–Morris) revealed that the Langmuir model best correlated to experimental data, and Weber–Morris equation well described Cr(VI) biosorption kinetics. Polyvinyl alcohol alginate immobilised cells had the highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency than that of free cells and could also be reused four times for Cr(VI) removal. Complete reduction of chromate in simulated effluent containing Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ by immobilised cells, demonstrated potential applications of a novel immobilised bacterial strain MR12, as a vital bioresource in Cr(VI) bioremediation technology. 相似文献
55.
Differential sorption behaviour of aromatic hydrocarbons on charcoals prepared at different temperatures from grass and wood 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Naturally occurring charcoals are increasingly being recognized as effective sorbents for organic compounds. In this study we investigated the sorption of benzene and toluene in single-sorbate and bi-sorbate systems on different types of charcoals produced in laboratory, employing the batch sorption technique. Air dried plant materials from Phalaris grass (Phalaris tuberosa) and Red Gum wood (Eucalyptus camadulensis) were combusted under limited oxygen supply at 250 degrees C, 450 degrees C, and 850 degrees C. The resulting charcoals were characterized for their specific surface areas, total cation content, and pore size distributions (pore size distribution only for wood combusted at 450 degrees C and 850 degrees C). For the materials treated at 850 degrees C not only the surface area, microporosity, and total amount of sorbed sorbate increased markedly, but also the non-linearity of the sorption isotherm. The pore size distributions and surface areas as well as an indifferent sorption behaviour and competition effects for both sorbates indicated that pore filling mechanisms were the dominating processes governing the sorption on these microporous, high temperature treated materials. For the materials treated at lower temperatures the affinity of toluene was higher compared to that of benzene. In the bi-sorbate system the overall uptake of benzene increased. These phenomena might be due to the stronger hydrophobicity of toluene, and to a varying potential for swelling of the matrix and pore deformation by the two sorbates. The significantly lower sorption capacity of the Phalaris-derived material compared to the Red Gum charcoal correlated with its smaller surface area and higher cation content. 相似文献
56.
Triclocarban and triclosan are two antimicrobial agents widely used in many personal care products. Their biodegradation behaviour in soil was investigated by laboratory degradation experiments and environmental fate modelling. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses showed that triclocarban and triclosan had a tendency to partition into soil or sediment in the environment. Fate modelling suggests that either triclocarban or triclosan "does not degrade fast" with its primary biodegradation half-life of "weeks" and ultimate biodegradation half-life of "months". Laboratory experiments showed that triclocarban and triclosan were degraded in the aerobic soil with half-life of 108 days and 18 days, respectively. No negative effect of these two antimicrobial agents on soil microbial activity was observed in the aerobic soil samples during the experiments. But these two compounds persisted in the anaerobic soil within 70 days of the experimental period. 相似文献
57.
Ramezani M Oliver DP Kookana RS Gill G Preston C 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(2):105-112
The abiotic degradation of the imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr, imazethapyr and imazaquin was investigated under controlled conditions. Hydrolysis, where it occurred, and photodegradation both followed first-order kinetics for all herbicides. There was no hydrolysis of any of the herbicides in buffer solutions at pH 3 or pH 7; however, slow hydrolysis occurred at pH 9. Estimated half-lives for the three herbicides in solution in the dark were 6.5, 9.2 and 9.6 months for imazaquin, imazethapyr and imazapyr, respectively. Degradation of the herbicides in the light was considerably more rapid than in the dark with half lives for the three herbicides of 1.8, 9.8 and 9.1 days for imazaquin, imazethapyr and imazapyr, respectively. The presence of humic acids in the solution reduced the rate of photodegradation for all three herbicides, with higher concentrations of humic acids generally having greater effect. Photodegradation of imazethapyr was the least sensitive to humic acids. The enantioselectivity of photodegradation was investigated using imazaquin, with photodegradation occurring at the same rate for both enantiomers. Abiotic degradation of imidazolinone herbicides on the soil surface only occurred in the presence of light. The rate of degradation for all herbicides was slower than in solution, with half-lives of 15.3, 24.6 and 30.9 days for imazaquin, imazethapyr and imazapyr, respectively. Abiotic degradation of these herbicides is likely to be slow in the environment and is only likely to occur in clear water or on the soil surface. 相似文献
58.
Anand Prabha Rawat Krishna Giri J. P. N. Rai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1679-1687
Biosorption of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cr6+ from aqueous solutions by leaf biomass of Jatropha curcas was investigated as a function of biomass concentration, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and pH of the solution systematically. The aim of this study was to optimize biosorption process and find out a suitable kinetic model for the metal removal in single and multi-metal system. The experimental data were analyzed using two sorption kinetic models, viz., pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order equations, to determine the best fit equation for the biosorption of metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cr6+ onto the leaf biomass of J. curcas in different metal systems. The experimental data fitted well the pseudo-second-order equation and provided the best correlation for the biosorption process. The findings of the present investigation revealed that J. curcas leaf biomass was an eco-friendly and cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. 相似文献
59.
Air samples for PM(10) (dp?10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) were collected from March 2007 to February 2008 near Taj Mahal-a historically sensitive site in Agra. Each sample collected on 20.3?×?25.4-cm Whatman quartz microfiber filter using respirable dust sampler was analyzed gravimetrically for mass concentrations and chemically for elements such as Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Cd, Ba, and Pb by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inorganic ions such as NH (4) (+) , K(+), SO (4) (2-) , NO (3) (-) , F(-), and Cl(-) by ion chromatograph. Annual average of PM(10) 155.47?±?77.97 μg/m(3) was three times high the annual average NAAQ standard of 50 μg/m(3) for sensitive area. PM(10) as well as K(+), Cl(-), As, and Pb were higher in winter while crust elements and secondary aerosols were higher in summer. The average equivalent ratio of NH (4) (+) to sum up of SO (4) (2-) and NO (3) (-) was greater than unity which indicates high source strength of ammonia and alkaline nature of aerosols in Agra. Source apportionment of PM(10) was carried out by factor analysis using principal component analysis (varimax rotated factor matrix method) of SPSS. Five sources contributing to PM(10) were identified as crust material, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, coal and biomass burning, and secondary aerosols. 相似文献
60.
The competence of novel fungal consortium, consisting of Nigrospora sp. LDF00204 (accession no. KP732542) and Curvularia lunata LDF21 (accession no. KU664593), was investigated for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. Fungal consortium exhibited enhanced biomass production under optimized medium conditions, i.e., glucose as carbon (C), sodium nitrate as nitrogen (N), C/N 1.5:0.5, pH 5, temperature 30 °C, and agitation 140 rpm, and significantly reduced biochemical oxygen demand (85.6%), chemical oxygen demand (80%), color (82.3%), and lignin concentration (76.1%) under catalytic enzyme activity; however, unutilized ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP), were observed to be 13.5, 11.4, and 9.4 U/ml after the third cycle of effluent treatment in repeated batch process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fungal consortium revealed their compatibility through intermingled hyphae and spores, while the FTIR spectra confirmed the alteration of functional groups ensuring structural changes during the effluent treatment. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed the reduction of complex compounds and development of numerous low-molecular-weight metabolites, such as 1-3-dimethyl benzene, 2-chloro-3-methyl butane, pentadecanoic acid, and 1-2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, during the treatment, demonstrating the massive potential of the novel fungal consortium to degrade recalcitrant industrial pollutants. 相似文献