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41.
Manfred Kiese 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1942,30(38-39):587-588
42.
The Science of Nature - 相似文献
43.
44.
Christian Reichle Stefan Jarau Ingrid Aguilar Manfred Ayasse 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(5):519-524
The ability to learn food odors inside the nest and to associate them with food sources in the field is of essential importance for the recruitment of nestmates in social bees. We investigated odor learning by workers within the hive and the influence of these odors on their food choice in the field in the stingless bee Scaptotrigona pectoralis. During the experiments, recruited bees had to choose between two feeders, one with an odor that was present inside the nest during the recruitment process, and one with an unknown odor. In all experiments with different odor combinations (linalool/phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol/eugenol) a significant majority of bees visited the feeder with the odor they had experienced in their nest (χ 2-tests; p?<?0.05). By contrast, the bees showed no preference for one of two feeders when they were either baited with the same odor (linalool) or contained no odor. Our results clearly show that naïve workers of S. pectoralis can learn the odor of a food source during the recruitment process from the nest atmosphere and that their subsequent food search in the field is influenced by the learned odor. 相似文献
45.
Ozone measurements along vertical transects in the Alps 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Herbert Werner Manfred Kirchner Gerhard Welzl Markus Hangartner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):83-87
To investigate the vertical profiles of air pollutants in the boundary layer, aircraft and balloon-born measurements and measurements
using a cable car as an instrument platform have been performed in different parts of the Alps. This on-line monitoring of
atmospheric pollutants requires expensive and sophisticated techniques. In order to control ambient air quality in remote
regions, where no infrastructure like power supply is available, simple instruments are required. The objective of this study,
which was coordinated and evaluated by the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit was first, to investigate the vertical
distribution of ozone in different parts of the Alps and secondly, in addition to continuous analyser measurements, to test
monitoring by means of two types of passive samplers. The selection of these samplers — one for one week use and another one
for two week application — was based on a passive sampler intercomparison done in a preliminary study one year earlier. 相似文献
46.
Sediment samples and soils along the coast line of the Adriatic Sea were sampled along a transect near the coast line at Zadar/Croatia, ranging from north-western suburbs via the historical centre and the industrial area to south-east suburbs. The sediments were dominated by carbonates and clay minerals, and contaminations with Cd–Cu–Pb–Zn–TOC (total organic carbon) at the historical centre and the industrial site were detected, as well as P and Mo input at the mouth of a small creek, probably from agriculture. No trends between the composition of surface and subsurface sea sediments were seen. At the historic harbour site, total element concentrations versus grain size showed a minimum in the fine silt fraction for most of the elements analysed. The soil samples behind the shoreline were not carbonaceous, but dominated by Fe–Al– oxides, some contained high levels of Be–Cd–Cu–Sn–Zn. Surprisingly, high TOC values within the soils might be assigned to human impacts, not to humus. Contrary to data from street dust samples from Seoul city/Korea, which were measured within our laboratory at the same time, Pt–Ir–Au were at ambient levels due to the limited use of catalysts in cars in the Zadar area at the time of sampling. 相似文献
47.
Hea-Youn?Lee Hyo-Taek?ChonEmail author Manfred?Sager Laszlo?Marton 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(1):5-12
This study presents the level of platinum in urban environment in and around Seoul, the capital city of Korea. Road dust, roadside soil, and tree bark samples were collected from the sites of various traffic volumes and from control sites in the suburbs. The above samples were analyzed for Pt by ICP-MS and other heavy metals by ICP-OES. Platinum levels in road dusts and roadside soils from Seoul were in the range of 3.8–444 ng/g (av. 115.0 ng/g) and 0.7–221 ng/g (av. 49.7 ng/g), respectively, whereas those in the suburbs were in the range of 2.3–5.2 ng/g (av. 3.9 ng/g) in road dusts and 0.4–5.1 ng/g (av. 2.4 ng/g) in roadside soils. The highest Pt levels in road dusts were found from major roads with high traffic volume. The remarkable difference in average Pt level between heavy traffic roads (av. 132.2 ng/g) and light traffic roads (av. 22.8 ng/g) reflects that an important source of Pt in roadside environment is automobile catalytic converter. High Pt level in road dust was found from the site of erratic stop–start driving condition, for example, 178 ng/g Pt in road dust around a vehicle crossing gate. Platinum level in tree barks ranged from 0.9 to 4.5 ng/g, which indicates the existence of Pt-containing particulate matter in the atmosphere. Road dusts with high Pt level were enriched in traffic-related heavy metals. 相似文献
48.
Kirsten?Kreuter Elfi?Bunk Anna?Lückemeyer Robert?Twele Wittko?Francke Manfred?AyasseEmail author 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(3):475-486
Social parasitism is widespread in many groups of social living hymenopteran species and has also evolved in the genus Bombus. Cuckoo bumblebees (subgenus Psithyrus) are obligate brood parasites in nests of other bumblebee species. After nest usurpation and the killing of the host queen,
the parasite female has to control worker reproduction in order to accomplish and maintain reproductive dominance and to ensure
her reproductive success. The aim of our study was to examine whether the generalist parasitic bumblebee Bombus bohemicus monopolizes and prevents worker reproduction by physical or chemical means and to identify possible odor compounds involved
therein. We performed bioassays with callow workers of the host Bombus terrestris and have shown that B. bohemicus females are able to suppress host worker ovarian development, when these host workers are under the direct influence of the
parasite female. Furthermore, by chemical analyses, we have demonstrated that the parasite females adjust to the odor profiles
of their host queens in order to maintain the level of fertility signaling inside the host colony although the host queen
is absent. We also found that host workers change their odor profile after nest usurpation by the parasite female and consequently,
we suggest that the host and parasite are caught up in a chemical arms race. 相似文献
49.
This paper presents an application of a modified ecological footprint method, using a regional, disturbance-based approach. In contrast to conventional institutional ecological footprint calculations, energy and land use resulting from all upstream production processes are explored by employing an input-output framework. Ecological footprints are calculated for two research institutions: the School of Physics (SoP) at the University of Sydney, and the Sustainable Ecosystems (CSE) Department of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. These are broken down further in terms of land disturbance and greenhouse gas emissions, and as a function of production layer. To enable the use of the results in policy formulation, the ecological footprints are decomposed into detailed contributing paths, which are ranked according to their importance, using structural path analysis. The paper demonstrates that a considerable proportion of impacts occur upstream in industrial production. Thus a significant result of the study is the weight of obscure paths in the total footprints and, therefore, the importance of conducting an holistic assessment in order to ensure all upstream contributions are captured in the final impact of the institution. 相似文献
50.
The concentration of uranium was determined in 944 samples from stream water by the inductively coupled plasma quadrupole
mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) method and represented on a color-shaded contour map. Uranium concentrations in surface water
were determined to be between 0.007 μg/l and 43.7 μg/l with median of 0.33 μg/l. The regional distribution of uranium is influenced
primarily by lithological and anthropogenic factors. In Mecklenburg, northern Brandenburg, and eastern Schleswig-Holstein,
elevated uranium concentrations coincide with the extent of the last Weichselian ice sheet. The maximum concentrations are
observed in the surface waters of the old mining districts in the western part of the Ore Mountains and in eastern Thuringia.
Elevated concentrations are found in areas of agriculturally used loess soils. These concentrations correlate with the use
of phosphate fertilizers. There is a zone of elevated concentrations up to 10.0 μg U/l in the Keuper Sandstone area south
of the Thuringian Forest and from northwest of Stuttgart as far as Coburg. The distribution of elevated values in mineral
water shows a clear correlation with the elevated values in surface water and the geology of those locations. Bunter and Keuper
strata are the most important uranium source. 相似文献