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81.
Mathieu Decuyper Pieter A. Slim Jantsje M. Van Loon-Steensma 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2014,18(3):279-284
The study uses a rather unusual method, dendrochronology, to investigate the growth and survival of Atriplex portulacoides L. and Artemisia maritima L. on salt marshes at two field sites on the Dutch North Sea barrier islands of Terschelling and Ameland. By providing information on longevity of these typical salt-marsh shrubs, dendrochronology offers an indirect way to investigate the influence of management regime – grazing in this case – on marsh quality and areal extent. Diminishment of salt marshes is a continuing concern in the northern Netherlands. The two shrub species studied here, A. portulacoides and A. maritima, are common to salt marshes. With their extensive roots and branches, they facilitate sedimentation and stabilize salt marshes. Using dendrochronology, this study found that annual growth rings could be identified to determine shrub age and growth. In A. portulacoides these rings took the form of a narrow band of terminal parenchyma. In A. maritima they were made up of unlignified marginal parenchyma together with higher vessel density at the beginning of the growing season. Growth rings indicated that intense grazing was clearly detrimental to the survival of A. portulacoides at the Terschelling site. However, grazing facilitated survival of A. maritima at the Ameland site by reducing light and nutrient competition from grasses. No growth trends could be found, however, as the lifespan for both species is short and many other influences on shrub growth could be identified. 相似文献
82.
Spatial structure effects on the detection of patches boundaries using local operators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mathieu D. Philibert Marie-Josée Fortin Ferenc Csillag 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2008,15(4):447-467
Landscapes exhibit various degrees of spatial heterogeneity according to the differential intensity and interactions among
processes and disturbances that they are subjected to. The management of these spatially dynamical landscapes requires that
we can accurately map them and monitor the evolution of their spatial arrangement through time. Such a mapping requires first
the delineation of various spatial features present in the landscape such as patches and their boundaries. However, there
are several environmental (spatial variability) as well as technical (spatial resolution) factors that impair our ability
to accurately delineate patches and their boundaries as polygons. Here, we investigate how the spatial structure and spatial
resolution of the data affect the accuracy of detecting patches and their boundaries over simulated landscapes and real data.
Simulated landscapes consisted of two patches with parameterized spatial properties (patches’ level of spatial autocorrelation,
mean value and variance) separated by a boundary of known location. Real data allowed the investigation of a more complex
landscape where there is a known transition between two forest domains with unknown spatial properties. Boundary locations
are defined using the lattice-wombling edge detector at various aggregation levels and the degree of patch homogeneity is
determined using Getis-Ord’s G*. Results show that boundary detection using a local edge detector is greatly affected by the spatial conditions of the data,
namely variance, abruptness of the spatial gradient between two patches and patches’ level of spatial autocorrelation. They
also suggest that data aggregation is not a panacea for bringing out the ecological process creating the patches and that
indicators derived from local measures of spatial association can be complementary tools for analysing spatial structures
affecting boundary delineation.
相似文献
Marie-Josée FortinEmail: |
83.
Colony nutritional status modulates worker responses to foraging recruitment pheromone in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Mathieu Molet Lars Chittka Ralph J. Stelzer Sebastian Streit Nigel E. Raine 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(12):1919-1926
Foraging activity in social insects should be regulated by colony nutritional status and food availability, such that both
the emission of, and response to, recruitment signals depend on current conditions. Using fully automatic radio-frequency
identification (RFID) technology to follow the foraging activity of tagged bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) during 16,000 foraging bouts, we tested whether the cue provided by stored food (the number of full honeypots) could modulate
the response of workers to the recruitment pheromone signal. Artificial foraging pheromones were applied to colonies with
varied levels of food reserves. The response to recruitment pheromones was stronger in colonies with low food, resulting in
more workers becoming active and more foraging bouts being performed. In addition to previous reports showing that in colonies
with low food successful foragers perform more excited runs during which they release recruitment pheromone and inactive workers
are more prone to leave the nest following nectar influx, our results indicate that evolution has shaped a third pathway that
modulates bumblebee foraging activity, thus preventing needless energy expenditure and exposure to risk when food stores are
already high. This new feedback loop is intriguing since it involves context-dependent response to a signal. It highlights
the integration of information from both forager-released pheromones (signal) and nutritional status (cue) that occurs within
individual workers before making the decision to start foraging. Our results support the emerging view that responses to pheromones
may be less hardwired than commonly acknowledged.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
84.
85.
Mathieu Muller Julie Jimenez Maxime Antonini Yves Dudal Eric Latrille Fabien Vedrenne Jean-Philippe Steyer Dominique Patureau 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2572-2580
The design and management of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (SS) require a relevant characterisation of the sludge organic matter (OM). Methods currently used are time-consuming and often insufficiently informative. A new method combining chemical sequential extractions (CSE) with 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was developed to provide a relevant SS characterisation to assess both OM bioaccessibility and complexity which govern SS biodegradability. CSE fractionates the sludge OM into 5 compartments of decreasing accessibility. First applied on three SS samples with different OM stability, fractionation profiles obtained were in accordance with the latter. 3D fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the bioaccessible compartments were mainly constituted of simple and easily biodegradable OM while the unaccessible ones were largely made of complex and refractory OM. Then, primary, secondary and anaerobically digested sludge with different biodegradabilities were tested. Complexity revealed by 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was linked with biodegradability and chemical accessibility was correlated with sludge bioaccessibility. 相似文献
86.
Mathieu Landry Yacouba Ouedraogo Abdoulaye Ouedraogo 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(2):150-156
In this work, mesoscale wind resource maps, at 5-km resolution, of the country of Burkina Faso (274,200 km2) were developed using the Anemoscope and mesoscale compressible community models. Results show that the northeast region of Burkina Faso has a good wind regime at 80 m above ground level (agl), while the wind regime in other parts of the country is generally low, even at 80 m agl. In addition, the technical power potential and the potential annual energy production that can be generated from the wind in Burkina Faso are identified using analysis tools based on geographical information systems and economic constraints. Results from the technical power potential at 80 m agl show that a total of 312 MW of wind farms, generating annually a total of 741 GWh of energy, could be installed in Burkina Faso. On the other hand, a total of 4411 MW of small wind turbines (50 kW) could be installed over the territory, corresponding to an annual energy production of 7843 GWh. The Wind Atlas of Burkina Faso provides an opportunity for local stakeholders to consider wind energy for the electricity portfolio of the country. 相似文献
87.
Mathieu Denoël Maryève Mathieu Pascal Poncin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(2):121-127
Temperature is expected to have an effect on the behavioral patterns of all organisms, especially ectotherms. However, although several studies focused on the effect of temperature on acoustic displays in both insects and anurans, almost nothing is known about how environmental temperature may affect ectotherm visual courtship displays and sexual performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of environmental temperature on the sexual behavior of Alpine newts (Triturus alpestris). We subjected T. alpestris to two different temperatures in controlled laboratory conditions. Temperature had a major effect on both male and female behaviors: at low temperature, the frequencies of several displays, including tail-raising during sperm deposition, are lowered. This variation is caused indirectly by temperature because it is due to female responsiveness, which is temperature-dependent. However, the fanning movement of the males tail during its main courtship display is independent of female behavior: at lower temperatures, the tail beats at a lower rate, but for a longer time. The similar reproductive success (i.e. sperm transfer) at the two temperature ranges indicates that breeding in cold water is not costly but instead allows males and females to mate early in the season. This is particularly adaptive because, in many habitats, the reproductive period is shortened by drying or freezing conditions, which may impair survival of branchiate offspring. This study also demonstrates the necessity of considering environmental parameters when modeling optimality and characteristics of ectotherm behaviors.Communicated by W. Cooper 相似文献
88.
Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in Organizational Behavior
Although mediational designs and analyses are quite popular in Organizational Behavior research, there is much confusion surrounding the basis of causal inferences. We review theoretical, research design, and construct validity issues that are important for drawing inferences from mediational analyses. We then distinguish between indirect effects, and partial and full mediational hypotheses and outline decision points for drawing inferences of each type. An empirical illustration is provided using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, and we discuss extensions and directions for future research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
Environment plays a major role for determining the kind of courtship behaviours or alternative mating tactics employed, but
the effect of physical variables on fitness has received little attention. The Alpine newt courts during both day and night
times and exhibits a complex suite of behaviours involving olfactory, visual and tactile cues. Displaying in both dark and
light conditions may increase the number of mating opportunities and alleviate predation risk, but the frequency and efficacy
of the various tactics deployed may vary across light conditions, leading males to vary their use of these tactics across
different light regimes. To test this hypothesis, we video-recorded sexual encounters at two light intensities in a controlled
experimental design. When courting in the dark, males used comparatively more olfactory rather than visual displays. They
also relied more on positive feedback from the female before releasing a spermatophore for her to pick up. The particular
mix of tactics used under each light condition is likely to be adaptive because in the dark (1) visual communication is hampered,
making olfactory displays possibly more effective and (2) males depositing spermatophores are more likely to lose fertilizations
to competitors. Mating in light and dark conditions has similar reproductive payoffs, which shows that displaying in the dark
is not detrimental and may even be advantageous if predation risk is reduced at night. These results confirm the importance
of taking into account physical variables to understand the evolution of sexual communication in animals. 相似文献
90.
Julien Guigue Olivier Mathieu Jean Lévêque Sophie Denimal Marc Steinmann Marie-Jeanne Milloux Hervé Grisey 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2287-2295
This study characterises the sediment dredged from a lagooning system composed of a settling pond and three lagoons that receive leachates from a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in France. Organic carbon, carbonate, iron oxyhydroxides, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured in the sediment collected from upstream to downstream in the lagooning system. In order to complete our investigation of sedimentation mechanisms, leachates were sampled in both dry (spring) and wet (winter) seasonal conditions. Precipitation of calcite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxides and sedimentation of organic matter occurred in the settling pond. Since different distributions of Zn and Cu concentrations are measured in sediment samples collected downstream in the lagooning system, it is suggested that these elements were not distributed in a similar way in the leachate fractions during the first stage of treatment in the settling pond, so that their sedimentation dynamics in the lagooning system differ. In the lagoons, it was found that organic carbon plays a major role in Cu and Zn mobility and trapping. The presence of macrophytes along the edges provided an input of organic matter that enhanced Cu and Zn scavenging. This edge effect resulted in a two-fold increase in Cu and Zn concentrations in the sediment deposited near the banks of the lagoons, thus confirming the importance of vegetation for the retention of Cu and Zn in lagooning systems. 相似文献