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81.
Beryl Vedha Yesudhason Jothipandi Jegathambigai Pon Amutha Thangasamy Durga Devi Lakshmanan Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj Emmanuel Joshua Jebasingh Sathya Balasingh Thangapandi Muthukalingan Krishnan Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4745-4752
The earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae is a segmented worm. It has two pairs of testes whose cells are highly proliferative. It was found that the earthworm, which is irradiated with X-ray, shows the following phenotypic changes in its sperm: fragmented acrosome in the head, break in the tail, and the appearance of zigzag sperm tail. Sperm morphology can be used as a tool to study radiation hazards in local areas. These three phenotypes were not observed in the sperm of worms exposed to different concentration of toxic chemicals such as sodium arsenate, lead acetate, and mercuric chloride. In contrast, exposure of worms to ethidium bromide caused fragmented acrosome in the head of their sperm cells. 相似文献
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83.
B. Baijulal V. Sobha S. Jissy Jyothi D. Padmalal Jude Emmanuel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(9):7181-7193
The present paper deals with the distribution of sediment and sediment-bound nutrients in two important coastal lagoons of southern Kerala such as the Ashtamudi Estuarine Lagoon in the Kollam district and the Kadinamkulam Lagoon in the Thiruvananthapuram district. Among the two lagoons, the former is coast perpendicular, and the latter is coast parallel. An analysis of the textural characteristics reveals that, in both lagoons, the estuarine mouth and areas close to it are dominated by sand and sand-rich sediment species, indicating a high-energy depositional regime prevailing the region. On the other hand, the silt and clay dominant arms are almost sheltered and enjoy a low-energy depositional environment. The nutrient and organic carbon contents in the sheltered areas are significantly higher than the most dynamic high-energy estuarine mouth regions. This peculiar behaviour of these coastal water bodies has to be given adequate importance while laying down strategies for the conservation and management of these fragile aquatic systems in the south-western coast of India in particular and tropical coasts of the world in general. 相似文献
84.
Flipo N Jeannée N Poulin M Even S Ledoux E 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(1):241-256
The objective of this work is to combine several approaches to better understand nitrate fate in the Grand Morin aquifers (2700 km(2)), part of the Seine basin. cawaqs results from the coupling of the hydrogeological model newsam with the hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model of river ProSe. cawaqs is coupled with the agronomic model Stics in order to simulate nitrate migration in basins. First, kriging provides a satisfactory representation of aquifer nitrate contamination from local observations, to set initial conditions for the physically based model. Then associated confidence intervals, derived from data using geostatistics, are used to validate cawaqs results. Results and evaluation obtained from the combination of these approaches are given (period 1977-1988). Then cawaqs is used to simulate nitrate fate for a 20-year period (1977-1996). The mean nitrate concentrations increase in aquifers is 0.09 mgN L(-1)yr(-1), resulting from an average infiltration flux of 3500 kgN.km(-2)yr(-1). 相似文献
85.
Hilber T Maier J Scheffknecht G Agraniotis M Grammelis P Kakaras E Glorius T Becker U Derichs W Schiffer HP De Jong M Torri L 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(10):1178-1189
The 1999/31 Elemental Carbon Directive sets strict rules on the disposal of untreated municipal solid waste in the European Union countries and forces a reduction of the biodegradable quantities disposed off to landfills up to 35% of the amount produced in 1995 in the coming decade. More environmentally friendly waste management options shall be promoted under the framework of the Community Waste Strategy ([96] 399 Final). In this context, the production and thermal use of solid recovered fuels (SRFs), derived from nonhazardous bioresidues and mixed- and mono-waste streams, could be a key element in a future waste management system. Within the scope of the European Demonstration Project, RECOFUEL, SRF cocombustion was demonstrated in two large-scale lignite-fired coal boilers at RWE power station in Weisweiler, Germany. As a consequence of the high biogenic share of the cocombusted material, this approach can be considered beneficial following European Directive 2001/77/EC on electricity from renewable energy sources (directive). During the experimental campaign, the share of SRF in the overall thermal input was adjusted to approximately 2%, resulting into a feeding rate of approximately 25 t/hr. The measurement campaign included boiler measurements in different locations, fuel and ash sampling, and its characterization. The corrosion rates were monitored by dedicated corrosion probes. The overall results showed no significant influence of SRF cocombustion on boiler operation, emissions behavior, and residues quality for the thermal shares applied. Also, no effect of the increased chlorine concentration of the recovered fuel was observed in the flue gas path after the desulfurization unit. 相似文献
86.
Jaimes-López JL Sandoval-Fernández J González-Ortíz E Vázquez-García M González-Macías U Zambrano-García A 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(6):841-846
Leakages of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are suspected to contribute greatly to ozone (O3) formation in Mexico City. We tested such a hypothesis by outdoor captive-air irradiation (CAI) experiments in the two largest Mexican metropolitan areas: Guadalajara (GMA) in 1997 and Mexico City (MCMA) in 2000. O3 was monitored in each city for 20 days (8:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) in smog chambers containing unaltered morning air or morning air enriched with either commercial LPG or LPG synthetic mixture 60/40 (propane and butane). Tested additions of both components were 35% (by volume) in GMA and 60% (by volume) in MCMA. The addition effects on O3 (max) were compared with effects from diluting LPG components or total nonmethane hydrocarbons (tNMHCs) by 50%. Diluting tNMHCs had the greatest absolute effect at both cities: it lowered O3 (max) by 24% in GMA and 55% in MCMA. Adding commercial LPG increased O3 (max) by 6% in GMA and 28% in MCMA; whereas adding LPG synthetic mixture 60/40 caused a similar increase in O3 (max), 4 and 21% in GMA and MCMA, respectively. Compared with dilution of tNMHCs, dilution of LPG-associated compounds had a smaller decreasing effect on O3 (max), only 4% in GMA and 15% in MCMA. These results show that commercial LPG and LPG synthetic mixture 60/40 affect O3 formation to a lesser extent than estimated previously. 相似文献
87.
88.
Patrice Lucchetta Emmanuel Desouhant Eric Wajnberg Carlos Bernstein 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(9):1409-1418
The reproductive success of insect parasitoids depends on two activities, searching for hosts to obtain immediate fitness
rewards (offspring) and searching for food to extend life span and enhance future reproductive opportunities. Models suggest
that to deal with this trade-off and to cope with the variability of the resources they depend on, parasitoids should simultaneously
integrate information originating from three distinct sources: host and food availabilities in the environment (environmental
information) and the metabolic reserves of the parasitoid (internal information). We tested whether, in the parasitic wasp
Venturia canescens, these three types of information are perceived simultaneously and interact during host-patch exploitation. Experiments were
performed with strains originating from two different geographical locations and with individuals of the two reproductive
modes, arrhenotoky and thelytoky. We hypothesised that there would be differences between modes of reproduction as they thrive
in different ecological conditions. Our results show that metabolic state, food availability and the number of ovipositions
performed simultaneously modulate patch residence time in V. canescens of both populations and reproductive modes. Unfed wasps left their host patch earlier than fed ones. The tendency to leave
the patch increased with an increasing probability of finding food. Our study confirms that globally, each oviposition increases
the patch-leaving tendency (decremental mechanism). This effect was modulated by both the metabolic reserves and food availability,
and the relationship depended on the geographic origin of populations. Individuals of one of the populations switched from
a decremental to an incremental patch-leaving mechanism depending on the presence or absence of food in the vicinity. Differences
between reproductive modes in the responses to environmental cues can be explained by the different ecological conditions
they live in. 相似文献
89.
Connan O Tessier E Maro D Amouroux D Hébert D Rozet M Voiseux C Solier L 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(7):1102-1110
This study presents an original work on measurements of stable and radioactive iodinated species in the Seine estuary (France), with estimates fluxes of volatile gaseous species from water to the atmosphere. Various iodinated compounds were identified in water and air in particular 131I in water, what is unusual. Concentrations and behaviour of iodinated elements in the Seine estuary seem similar to what has been observed in other European estuaries. MeI (Methyl Iodide) and Total Volatile Iodine (TVI) fluxes from water to air vary between 392 and 13949 pmol m(-2) d(-1) and between 1279 and 16484 pmol m(-2) d(-1), respectively. Water to air flux of TVI for the Seine river was estimated in the range 4-46 kg y(-1). Measurements of (131)I in water varying between 0.4 and 11.9 Bq m(-3). Fluxes of (131)I from water to atmosphere are in the range 2.4 x 10(5)-1.3 x 10(7)Bq y(-1), close to an annual discharge of (131)I by a nuclear reactor. 相似文献
90.