印染污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出印染污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明:与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了11.50%。     

不同剂量解磷菌对滇重楼生长发育的影响

为了明确解磷菌在滇重楼生产上最适剂量,本文通过盆栽接种试验研究了在灭菌土壤中,不同剂量解磷菌处理对滇重楼生长发育的影响,为解磷菌在滇重楼生产中的应用提供理论依据.结果 表明,与未接种对照相比,滇重楼苗期接种解磷菌可提高根系活力,增加叶片内叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,降低叶片内保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过...     

红霉素对菲降解菌GY2B的毒性及抗生素后效应

为了解抗生素对环境污染物高效降解菌的生态效应,通过红霉素对菲高效降解菌GY2B的毒性实验以及抗生素后效应(PAE)的测定,研究了菌体细胞在红霉素作用下的生理、毒理指标以及后效应期间菌体的变化。结果表明,GY2B对红霉素的最高耐受(99.9%死亡率)浓度为25μg/mL,长期接触低于25μg/mL的红霉素可降低GY2B对药物敏感性,使其产生耐药性;当红霉素浓度高于最低抑菌浓度(0.25μg/mL)时,能显著降低菌体细胞的总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,引起活性氧对菌体的损伤,亦能显著降低乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,但对菌体细胞有氧呼吸水平的影响会随着时间逐渐减弱;GY2B在短暂接触红霉素后2~3 h即可复苏生长(菌密度增加10倍),但红霉素能对GY2B产生明显的后效应,诱发细胞SOS修复机制和自溶现象,使得DNA含量发生显著变化。因此,环境中抗生素对污染物降解微生物的生态效应值得关注。     

稀盐酸预处理对稻草厌氧消化的影响

为探明稀酸预处理对稻草厌氧消化的影响,采用不同浓度的稀盐酸溶液对稻草进行了浸泡预处理,并在完全混合厌氧消化条件下,研究了稻草厌氧发酵过程中的产气量、甲烷含量,发酵液中COD、pH值及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的变化情况.结果表明,增大稀盐酸溶液浓度会提高稻草厌氧消化反应的效果.分别经4%、8%和12%的稀盐酸溶液浸泡预处理...     

A tool for rapid screening of direct DNA agents using reaction rates and relative interaction potency: towards screening environmental contaminants for hazard

DNA damage represents a potential biomarker for determining the exposure risk to chemicals and may provide early warning data for identifying chemical hazards to human health. Here, we have demonstrated a simple chromatography-based method that can be used to rapidly screen for the presence of chemical hazards as well as to determine parameters relevant to hazard assessment. In this proof-of-principle study, a simple in vitro system was used to determine the interaction of pollutants and probable carcinogens, phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl(4)HQ), methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), with single- and double-stranded DNA probes. Differences in potency and reaction kinetics were studied for chemical and DNA type. A relative interaction potency equivalency (PEQ) of a chemical was determined by ratio of interaction potency of a chemical to BPDE as the reference chemical in the reaction with single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. PEQs were found to be BPDE > PGE > SO > MMS > Cl(4)HQ for single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides while they were found to be BPDE > PGE > Cl(4)HQ > MMS > SO for double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Kinetics evaluation revealed that BPDE reacted with both DNA probes at a significantly faster rate, as compared to the remaining test chemicals. Equilibrium was reached within an hour for BPDE, but required a minimum of 48 h for the remaining chemicals. First-order rate constants were (1.61 ± 0.2) × 10(-3) s(-1) and (3.18 ± 0.4) × 10(-4) s(-1) for reaction of BPDE with double- and single-stranded DNA, respectively. The remaining chemicals possessed rate constants from 2 to 13 × 10(-6) s(-1) with a relative kinetic order for reaction with DNA of BPDE ? MMS > SO > PGE > Cl(4)HQ for ds-DNA and BPDE ? SO ≈ Cl(4)HQ ≈ MMS > PGE for ss-DNA. We further found that the reaction potency, defined by dose-response between chemical pollutants and DNA, depends on the form of DNA present for reaction. Noteworthy, we found that relative PEQ did not follow the same kinetic trends. However, our preliminary findings suggest that reaction kinetics, in combination with relative interaction potency, may be a significant parameter that can be used to evaluate the hazard level of environmental pollutants.     

粮食产量预测理论、方法与应用Ⅲ.粮食生产潜力中、长期预测理论、模型及其应用

粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的目的是为国家中、长期粮食生产规划提供科学依据。粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的“双向预测理论”：从若干个预测模型中选择出2个模型,一个模型预测的未来产量是持续增加的,体现产量持续增加的科技进步力量;另一个模型预测的未来产量是先增加后减少或持续减少的,体现影响产量持续增加的负面综合因素力量。应用结果表明：模型可预测未来1~10年的粮食生产潜力,平均预测误差在5％以内。大量案例证明粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的“双向预测理论”是科学的、方法是通用的、结果是实用的。     

磁技术在污废水处理中的作用机理及应用

污废水生物处理技术不断地向工艺流程简单、处理费用低和处理效果好的方向发展。磁技术在该领域具有很好的发展潜力。磁场具有生物效应,可增强微生物活性。磁粉能与活性污泥絮体紧密结合,形成具有特殊分离性能并能抑制剩余污泥产生的磁化活性污泥。磁化活性污泥法在日本的污水处理厂有未排泥连续运行2年的成功先例。近年来微生物的磁效应在废/污水生物处理中的应用引起越来越多国内外研究者的注意,磁技术与其他水处理技术之间的结合是比较热门的研究领域。     

石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫装置安全验收评价

用模糊数学综合评判法时石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫装置进行安全验收评价，并得出通过安全验收评价的综合评价结果。     

燃煤电厂烟气排放连续监测系统验收测试问题探讨

阐述了燃煤电厂烟气排放连续监测系统在验收测试中应该注意和可能出现的问题,并提出了问题的解决办法.     

羰基镍生产中的事故风险及预防对策

分析了羰基镍生产中的危害因素、事故源项和可能出现的概率,确定了风险评价的标准。并根据预测结果划定了警戒防护范围,提出了预防事故的措施和应急计划。