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21.
Risk assessment approach for untreated wastewater using the QUAL2E water quality model 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
McAvoy DC Masscheleyn P Peng C Morrall SW Casilla AB Lim JM Gregorio EG 《Chemosphere》2003,52(1):55-66
This paper presents a novel approach for assessing the risk of consumer product ingredients in surface waters that receive untreated wastewater. The approach utilizes the water quality simulation model QUAL2E for predicting the impact caused by conventional pollutants, as well as the exposure concentration of consumer product ingredients. This approach invokes an impact zone concept whereby the receiving water can be thought of as a natural wastewater treatment system. After the river has recovered via self-purification, the ecosystem is then assessed by traditional risk assessment methods. This approach was validated using data collected from the Balatuin River, which is located in the Philippines. Results from this study support the use of QUAL2E for assessing the risk of consumer product ingredients in riverine systems receiving untreated wastewater. 相似文献
22.
Context and Systems: Thinking More Broadly About Effectiveness in Strategic Environmental Assessment in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bina O 《Environmental management》2008,42(4):717-733
China is an illustrative—and extreme—case of the difficulties of balancing the pursuit of economic, social, and environmental
objectives. In 2003 it adopted a form of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for its plans and programs (referred to
here as PEIA) with the aim of moving towards greater environmental sustainability. The literature has explored primarily the
issue of methods and legal procedures. This research contributes to the analysis of PEIA through a different set of interpretative
lens. Drawing on recent developments in the theory and practice of SEA, I propose a conceptualization of SEA effectiveness
that combines direct and incremental impacts, and a need for context-specific systems as a way to focus on the relationship
between assessment, planning, and their context, and thus maximize effectiveness. This framework underpins the analysis of
China’s experience, which I explore with the help of interview material and the literature. The result is an evaluation of
the strengths and weaknesses of PEIA in terms of its purpose, assessment concept, process, and methods. The detailed analysis
of six aspects of the context helps explain the origin of such shortcomings, and identify opportunities for its improvement.
I conclude defining elements of a context-specific system for SEA that seeks to maximize the opportunity for incremental,
as well as direct, effectiveness in China. 相似文献
23.
Williams Paula Alessa Lilian Abatzoglou John T. Kliskey Andrew Witmer Frank Lee Olivia Trammell Jamie Beaujean Grace Venema Rieken 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(2):547-559
Regional Environmental Change - Many papers have addressed the differing approaches to observation by scientists collecting instrumented data and by community or local knowledge-based observations.... 相似文献
24.
Baumann Matthias Israel Christoph Piquer-Rodríguez María Gavier-Pizarro Gregorio Volante José Norberto Kuemmerle Tobias 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(4):1179-1191
Regional Environmental Change - The dry forests of Latin America are among the most dynamic deforestation frontiers in the world and are important carbon and biodiversity reservoirs. Our knowledge... 相似文献
25.
26.
Heavy metal detoxification in eukaryotic microalgae 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
27.
28.
Ilie S. Racotta Elena Palacios Ana M. Ibarra José Luis Ramírez Fabiola Arcos Olivia Arjona 《Marine Biology》2008,153(6):1245-1256
Induction of triploidy in aquatic organisms has increased worldwide in the last two decades, mostly because triploids have
better growth than diploids. According to a physiological hypothesis, partial or total sterility of triploids allows the accumulation
of reserves in muscle and other tissues instead of being transferred to the gonad. The present study analyzes lipid, protein,
carbohydrate, and fatty acid levels in muscle and gonads of Nodipecten subnodosus triploids and diploids over 18 months from June 2001 to December 2002. An important increase in gonadosomatic index of diploids
scallops was observed from May to June 2002 reaching the highest values in August. Such increase was not observed in triploid
scallops. Changes in biochemical composition in female gonad were in general related to the accumulation of reserves during
gonad development of diploid scallops. This accumulation was lower for triploid scallops, in accordance to their sterility,
especially for carbohydrates and acylglycerides. Adductor muscle index as well as protein and carbohydrate levels in muscle
increased in both ploidy groups during the reproductive period indicating no mobilization of reserves to sustain gonad development
in both ploidy groups. These results partially support the physiological hypothesis on the advantage of triploids: in a rich
food locality no mobilization of reserves is needed to sustain gametogenesis. This, together with a possible lower efficiency
of energy assimilation at high food concentration for triploids, may be the reason for an apparent lack of superiority of
N. subnodosus triploids in terms of adductor muscle growth. Only the levels of particular highly unsaturated fatty acids levels (namely
20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3) in muscle of diploid and triploid decreased during the reproductive period, indicating a possible transfer of selected
fatty acids to gonads, even in triploids. The muscle of triploids has a slightly but significantly higher proportion of 22:6n-3 compared to diploids, which can have implications for the nutritional and commercial value of triploid adductor muscle. 相似文献
29.
Martinez MA Caballero P Carrillo O Mendoza A Mejia GM 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(7):817-827
The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) has shown a high concentration of PM2.5 in its atmosphere since 2003. The contribution of possible sources of primary PM2.5 and its precursors is not known. In this paper we present the results of analyzing the chemical composition of sixty 24-hr samples of PM2.5 to determine possible sources of PM2.5 in the MMA. The samples were collected at the northeast and southeast of the MMA between November 22 and December 12, 2007, using low-volume devices. Teflon and quartz filters were used to collect the samples. The concentrations of 16 airborne trace elements were determined using x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Anions and cations were determined using ion chromatography. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were determined by thermal optical analysis. The results show that Ca had the maximum mean concentration of all elements studied, followed by S. Enrichment factors above 50 were calculated for S, Cl, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb. This indicates that these elements may come from anthropogenic sources. Overall, the major average components of PM2.5 were OC (41.7%), SO4(2-) (22.9%), EC (7.4%), crustal material (11.4%), and NO3- (12.6%), which altogether accounted for 96% of the mass. Statistically, we did not find any difference in SO4(2-) concentrations between the two sites. The fraction of secondary organic carbon was between 24% and 34%. The results of the factor analysis performed over 10 metals and OC and EC show that there are three main sources of PM2.5: crustal material and vehicle exhaust; industrial activity; and fuel oil burning. The results show that SO4(2-), OC, and crustal material are important components of PM2.5 in MMA. Further work is necessary to evaluate the proportion of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol in order to have a better understanding of the sources and precursors of aerosols in the MMA. 相似文献
30.
Sunflower Oil Industry By-product as Natural Filler of Biocomposite Foams for Packaging Applications
Versino Florencia López Olivia V. García María Alejandra 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1869-1879
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The use of agroindustry by-products as reinforcements and/or composites filler is an innovative and economically attractive option that is still under... 相似文献