Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

Archaeal community structure along a gradient of petroleum contamination in saline-alkali soil

The impact of petroleum on archaeal community in salinealkali soils was investigated, which will expand the knowledge of the archaeal population involved in the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers with the magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core

Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution has become the chief physical pollution for environment. The core-nanoshell composite absorbers with magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core and nanocrystalline magnetic material as shell were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vector network analyzer (VNA) analysis indicated that perfect-crystalline nanomagnetic material coating was gotten with a particle size of 12 nm, being dried at 60°C for 2 hr and calcined at 400°C for 1 hr after ball milling. The exchange-coupling interaction happened between ferrite of cenosphere and soft magnet γ-Fe₂03 coating, it enhances magnetic loss of composite absorbers. In the frequency between 1 MHz and 1 GHz, the absorbing effectiveness of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers can achieve ?30 dB, it is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

Synthesis and scale inhibitor performance of polyaspartic acid

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) has been extensively studied in recent years as a green scale inhibitor. PASP was synthesized by thermal polycondensation of maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate in this study. The optimal polycondensation reaction conditions were the raw material (maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate) molar ratio of 1.0:1.2, the polymerization temperature of 180°C and reaction time of 2.0 hr. The results showed that PASP exhibits very good scale inhibiting performance. The inhibition rate was 95% for calcium carbonate and 90% for calcium sulfate by the application of 5 mg/L PASP.     

西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为研究

采用小型回填式土柱淋溶实验方法研究了西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为。结果表明,西辽河流域沙土的氨氮解吸行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich解吸等温式;沙土氨氮解吸比率Dr在0.44～0.99之间,平均为0.75,解吸迟滞性指数TⅡ在0.05～0.65之间,平均为0.29,沙土对氨氮的解吸迟滞性较强,解吸可逆性较弱。被吸附的氨氮解吸淋失的环境风险较小;沙土氨氮解吸比率Dr与土壤有机质含量、粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量呈极显著负相关,影响程度顺序为:有机质含量>粗粘粒含量>粘粒含量;解吸分配系数k和解吸迟滞性指数与土壤有机质含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,与粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量没有相关性;草地、农田和林地结构由于土壤有机质和团聚体含量较高,氨氮解吸迟滞性较强,氨氮流失的环境风险较小,沙荒地结构氨氮流失的环境风险较大。     

枣庄市生态足迹动态研究

应用生态足迹模型对山东省枣庄市1995-2008年生态足迹进行了计算,分析该市14年来各类土地生态足迹消费和供给的动态变化趋势,研究了该市土地资源利用的可持续性发展状况。结果表明,枣庄市生态足迹消费从1995年的2.926 4 hm2/人增加到2008年的6.880 1 hm2/人,增加了2.25倍;生态足迹消费大于土地生态系统的承载力表现为生态赤字,赤字水平由1995年的2.630 4hm2/人上升到2008年的6.529 0 hm2/人,增加了2.48倍,区域内的土地利用处于不可持续发展状态。计算表明该市的资源利用方式仍处于消耗型、粗放型阶段,发展模式是不可持续的,其生态环境具有不安全性,社会经济发展与生态环境的协调性很差。     

常温下短程硝化实现及稳定性试验研究

以自配模拟氨氮废水为研究对象,在全程硝化污泥的基础上通过控制低曝气量和提高反应器进水pH值,在较低的DO质量浓度和较高pH值条件下完成了短程硝化污泥的驯化,系统中的NO2--N积累率稳定在95%以上;逐渐提高硝化阶段的曝气量、降低进水溶液的pH值,短程硝化过程没有被破坏;稳定的短程硝化系统改为定时控制,过度曝气6 d后,NO2--N的积累率仅剩43.7%,硝化类型由短程硝化转变为全程硝化。     

絮凝-SBR-Fenton氧化处理酶制剂废水的研究

以某酶制品厂的废水为研究对象,确定了絮凝-SBR-Fenton高级氧化的试验方法.结果表明,在絮凝阶段,当聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量为0.6g/L,搅拌6 min,絮凝70min的条件下,预处理的出水CODCr效果最好,去除率为44.6%;再经过SBR工艺处理,停留时间为14 h时,CODCr去除率达到了89.2%;之后再进行Fenton高级氧化,氧化的最佳条件是:ρ(FeSO4·7H2O)为3 g/L,ρ(H2O2)为0.8g/L,反应时间2 h.最终出水达到了GB 8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>中二级排放标准.     

环境问题对我国对外贸易的影响

随着世界经济一体化的发展和全球环境保护浪潮的兴起,贸易与环境问题日益得到世界各国政府的关注。文章阐述了环境问题与贸易的关系,并讨论了环境问题对我国对外贸易产生的各种影响。