Box-Behnken响应面分析法对双阳极电Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液工艺的优化

采用双阳极电Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液,并在阴极曝气。应用Box-Behnken响应面分析法对电Fenton法处理的结果进行了优化,将Fe2+投加量、电压、和反应时间3个因素进行实验设计,得到二次响应曲面模型。响应面分析表明,Fe2+投加量与反应时间的交互作用对COD去除率影响最大,其次是电压与反应时间的交互作用。优化后的结果:Fe2+投加量、电压、和反应时间分别为3 219.2 mg/L、6.11 V和180 min。模型方差分析得到F值和R2分别为24.2和0.977,说明该二次方程是显著的,模型在整个回归区域内拟合好,能够很好地反映电Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的过程。     

电泳油漆废水凝聚处理研究

以高浓度电泳漆废水用酸性凝聚和碱性凝聚进行处理研究，应用结果表明，在控制ＰＨ＝２．５～３条件下进行酸性凝聚，ＣＯＤ去除率可达９１％～９３％酸性凝聚后出水，与低浓度废水混合，再用ＰＦＳ为凝聚剂，控制ＰＨ＝７～９，进行凝聚气浮处理，可使排放水质中ＣＯＤ，ＰＨ，ＳＳ和色度稳定达标。     

人工湿地处理污水的研究

简要介绍了人工湿地的发展历史、原理及优点；并对沙井镇人工湿地进行探讨和检测，其ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率可达８３％，总氮去除率达４５％，出水水质达国家排放标准。     

稻秆对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用的研究

研究了稻秆浸出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用.研究表明,稻秆浸出液中含有的化学物质抑制了铜绿微囊藻的生长繁殖.稻秆浸泡时间的延长,有利于提高浸出液的抑藻效果,但浸泡时间过长则无益于抑藻效果提高,浸泡时间为15 d时,抑制率能高达75.99%.稻秆浸出液投加量达7.5%以上具有显著的抑藻效果.不同部位的水稻秸秆浸出液对铜绿...     

天然和CPB改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附特征

通过静态实验研究溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）改性沸石和天然沸石对废水中Hg^2＋的吸附特性,探讨了吸附动力学、吸附平衡和吸附热力学机制。研究表明：Langmuir方程能较好地描述2种沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附,CPB改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附率得到显著提高。实验条件下,改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附率从67．5％提高到98．9％,吸附容量从0．521mg／g提高到3．07mg／g。利用准一级动力学方程、假二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散模型和Elovich方程分别对动力学过程进行拟合,发现2种沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附均满足假二级动力学方程,且离子的颗粒内扩散对整个吸附过程有影响。动力学拟合、D-R方程拟合和热力学研究综合表明：2种沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附既存在化学吸附又存在物理吸附,吸附吉布斯自由能变（△G^0）、焓变（△H^0）、熵变（△S^0）均小于0,反应为自发的放热反应,低温有利于吸附的进行。     

Fate of caffeine in mesocosms wetland planted with Scirpus validus

Uptake, accumulation and translocation of caffeine by Scirpus validus grown in hydroponic condition were investigated. The plants were cultivated in Hoagland’s nutrient solution spiked with caffeine at concentrations of 0.5–2.0 mg L^?1. The effect of photodegradation on caffeine elimination was determined in dark controls and proved to be negligible. Removal of caffeine in mesocosms without plants showed however that biodegradation could account for about 15–19% of the caffeine lost from solutions after 3 and 7 d. Plant uptake played a significant role in caffeine elimination. Caffeine was detected in both roots and shoots of S. validus. Root concentrations of caffeine were 0.1–6.1 μg g^?1, while the concentrations for shoots were 6.4–13.7 μg g^?1. A significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between the concentration in the root and the initial concentrations in the nutrient solution was observed. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of caffeine for roots ranged from 0.2 to 3.1, while BAFs for shoots ranged from 3.2 to 16.9. Translocation from roots to shoots was the major pathway of shoot accumulation. The fraction of caffeine in the roots as a percentage of the total caffeine mass in solution was limited to 0.2–4.4% throughout the whole experiment, while shoot uptake percentage ranged from 12% to 25% for caffeine at the initial concentration of 2.0 mg L^?1 to 50–62% for caffeine at the initial concentration of 0.5 mg L^?1. However, a marked decrease in the concentration of caffeine in the shoots between d-14 and d-21 suggests that caffeine may have been catabolized in the plant tissues subsequent to plant uptake and translocation.     

关于完善中国生态补偿机制若干问题的研究

随着中国经济的迅速发展,生态和环境问题已经成为阻碍经济社会发展的瓶颈.近年提出的科学发展观,对生态建设给予高度重视.建立完善的生态补偿机制,已经成为解决生态环境问题的核心问题,文章对生态补偿的定义、理论基础进行了阐述,根据国内外生态补偿发展的最新状况,结合中国目前生态补偿机制出现的问题如生态补偿标准不合理,补偿机制缺乏有效的法律基础,现行的资源税费未能反映生态补偿的内容,没有建立完善的良性融资机制,各行业与管理部门的条块分割等,提出了完善中国生态补偿机制的对策.     

苏州市环境空气质量自动监测信息化平台建设思路研究

随着不断增长的环境空气自动监测数据量与滞后的数据管理方式之间的矛盾日益凸显,现有的环境空气自动监测平台已出现了一定程度的滞后,逐渐不能满足基层监测部门、决策机构和社会各界的要求,亟待更新和完善。对现有环境空气自动监测业务平台建设思路加以更新和完善,有助于建设功能相对完善的新型平台,从而为环境管理和社会公众提供更为高效、便捷的数字化服务,并对政府决策和预报预警提供更为及时的技术支撑和保障。     

地裂缝上内廊式框架结构计算分析

通过查阅大量参考资料,根据地裂缝的成因机制与灾害特征,利用西安地区1989年第三季度—1990年第四季度的地裂缝实测数据,以四层内廊式横向框架结构模型为研究对象,采用SAP2000有限元软件,对地裂缝上的建筑结构进行内力变化和结构变形的分析和对比,从而标识出结构中最容易破坏的构件,为建筑结构设计提供一定的理论参考。     

Effects of water regime,crop residues,and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.