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41.
Serge I. P. Stalpers André R. van Amstel Rob B. Dellink Ivo Mulder Saskia E. Werners Carolien Kroeze 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(4):359-378
This article discusses an approach for identification and evaluation of short-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction
options in firms. The approach is based on lessons learnt from a project using Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) and
builds on the idea that effective public climate policy for firms requires options that have support from stakeholders and
are practically feasible. Scenarios are used to provide a link with short-term policy developments and a model assists to
communicate quantitative effects of options to participating stakeholders. Our approach can be seen as a first step towards
a framework that meets the need for more systematic approaches to PIAs identifying effective public policies for short-term
GHG emission reduction options in firms. In order to identify effective options for non-carbon dioxide GHG emission reductions,
our approach has been applied to Dutch dairy farms, after which it has been refined. The case study suggests that our approach
can provide balance between practical, context specific issues and scientific-theoretical aspects, thereby avoiding common
pitfalls of participatory research projects to focus too much on either theory or practical issues.
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Serge I. P. StalpersEmail: |
42.
Nandika Prasadani Miguntann Ashantha Goonetilleke Prasanna Egodowatt Serge Kokot 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(6):806-812
This article discusses the outcomes of a research project on nutrients build-up on urban road surfaces.Nutrient build-up was investigated on road sites belonging to residential,industrial and commercial land use.Collected build-up samples were separated into five particle size ranges and were tested for total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP) and sub species of nutrients,namely,NO 2- ,NO 3- ,TKN and PO 43-.Multivariate analytical techniques were used to analyse the data and to develop detailed understanding on build- up.Data analysis revealed that the solids loads on urban road surfaces are highly influenced by factors such as land use,antecedent dry period and traffic volume.However,the nutrient build-up process was found to be independent of the type of land use.It was solely dependent on the particle size of solids build-up.Most of the nutrients were associated with the particle size range 150 μm.Therefore,the removal of particles below 150 μm from road surfaces is of importance for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from road surface solids build-up.It is also important to consider the difference in the composition of nitrogen and phosphorus build-up in the context of designing effective stormwater quality mitigation strategies. 相似文献
43.
Fajraoui Afef Nasr Jalel Ben Lacoste Catherine Dony Philippe Odof Serge Amar Mohamed Ben Halouani Foued El 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(4):1673-1681
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the context of sustainable development and natural products valorization, new ecological materials enter a logic aimed at removing the causes of... 相似文献
44.
Antoine Tiya-Djowe Serge Nzali Estella T. Njoyim Samuel Laminsi Eric M. Gaigneaux 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):515-519
Various iron oxides are used for Fenton reactions to degrade organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency may be improved by transforming an iron oxide phase to another. Here, we report on the transformation of goethite into hematite by thermal treatment at 400 °C. The products were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2-physisorption. The catalytic activities were measured for orange II bleaching at initial concentration of 25 mg L?1, pH 3, catalyst concentration of 0.2 g L?1; 5 mM H2O2, 30 °C. Results show that the synthesized goethite was successfully transformed into hematite, and the specific surface area of the material increased from 134 to 163 m2 g?1. The bleaching efficiency of the orange II dye reached 100 % for the hematite product, versus 78 % for goethite. Therefore, a moderate thermal treatment of a plasma-synthesized goethite improves the catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants. 相似文献
45.
Madeleine E. Hardus Han de Vries David F. Dellatore Adriano R. Lameira Steph B. J. Menken Serge A. Wich 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(3):429-437
The diet of great apes consists of several hundred plant species. The factors determining diet differences have been examined between populations but not within a population, probably due to the confounding effect of seasonal fluctuations on fruit availability. In Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii), fruit availability appears to be sufficiently high year round to have little influence on diet composition, which in turn allows for addressing this question. We examined the diet of eight adult female orangutans at Ketambe, Sumatra, and investigated whether fig and non-fig fruit availability, association time, and/or home range measures influenced dietary overlap between female dyads. Between most pairs, females’ diets were different: 16 out of 23 pairs had a significantly low diet species overlap. Only fig diet overlap was influenced (negatively) by the availability of non-fig fruit. Association time only influenced (positively) fig diet overlap. Hence, orangutans gathered in fig trees when non-fig fruit availability was low. Home range measures did not influence overall diet overlap. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that, while controlling for confounding factors, individuals with similar energetic requirements, from the same population and sharing the same area, make different dietary choices relatively to their preferred (non-fig) fruit constituting the majority of their diet. Social transmission, with putative matrilineal diet traditions, suitably explains these results. We discuss the implications of the findings for orangutan conservation, namely on reintroduction and the felling of fig trees. 相似文献
46.
The Rarámuri who live in the Sierra Tarahumara of Chihuahua State, Mexico have developed local knowledge and harvesting strategies for edible wild plants that have the effect of conserving the biodiversity of their forest ecosystem. This paper presents the results of ethnobotanical research undertaken in the community of Basìhuare in the Sierra Tarahumara, to provide details on some practical aspects of the Raráamuri worldview regarding interconnections between people and their environment. This traditional philosophy forms the basis for the use of edible wild plants and the harvesting strategies practiced in Basìhuare, such as selective harvesting, environmental modification and domestication. These activities provide the opportunity for harvesters to monitor the landscape and the plant resources that occur on the land, as well as present a setting for the communication and exchange of traditional ecological knowledge. However, Rarámuri harvesting practices are under stress because of increased external pressures from commercial timber extraction and other development. We discuss the state of traditional ecological knowledge and its transmission in the context of development activities in the region. The key to sustainability in the Sierra Tarahumara may be the maintenance of traditional management practices for edible wild plants, and other nontimber forest products, that lead to the conservation of biodiversity by creating patchiness and renewing the plant cover on the land. 相似文献
47.
Dr Françoise Muller Laurence Bussières Marie-Christine Pèlissier Jean-François Oury Claire Boué Serge Uzan André Boué 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(7):633-636
In Down syndrome screening by maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) determination at 15, 16, 17, and 18 weeks of gestation, we prospectively examined 23 369 sera from white (21 549), North African (970), black African (525), and Asian (325) patients. When expressed as multiples of the median (MOM), no difference was observed between white, North African, and black African patients. However, higher serum hCG concentrations were noted in Asians, for whom we therefore recommend correction of hCG values before calculation of the risk of Down syndrome. 相似文献
48.
Barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds in North America may reach considerable size and undertake large-scale seasonal migrations from the Arctic tundra to the boreal forest. To test the caribou decline hypothesis associated with native harvesting and fire, we have documented the long-term trends of caribou activity based on a novel approach which uses tree-ring dated trampling scars produced by caribou hooves in the extensive trails distributed over the summer and winter ranges of the Rivièreaux-Feuilles herd (RAF herd, east of Hudson Bay in northern Quebec). The age structure data of trampling scars from lichen woodlands distributed over the entire RAF range confirmed the overall trends of caribou activity from the late 1700s to present time. Over the last 200 years, the RAF herd has undergone two highs in the late 1700s and 1900s separated by a moderate activity pattern in the late 1800s. Native harvesting was possibly involved in the early 1900s decline, although at a moderate level. The reduced magnitude of caribou activity during this period has not modified the natural cycle of highs and lows, which suggests that other demographic factors were controlling the changing caribou abundance. Our data also show that only exceptionally large fires may have a minor, short-lived impact on caribou migrations but not on caribou numbers. 相似文献
49.
Community motivations to engage in conservation behavior to conserve the Sumatran orangutan 下载免费PDF全文
Danielle Nilsson Galina Gramotnev Greg Baxter James R.A. Butler Serge A. Wich Clive A. McAlpine 《Conservation biology》2016,30(4):816-826
Community‐based conservation programs in developing countries are often based on the assumption that heteronomous motivation (e.g., extrinsic incentives such as economic rewards and pressure or coercion to act) will incite local communities to adopt conservation behaviors. However, this may not be as effective or sustainable as autonomous motivations (e.g., an intrinsic desire to act due to inherent enjoyment or self‐identification with a behavior and through freedom of choice). We analyzed the comparative effectiveness of heteronomous versus autonomous approaches to community‐based conservation programs through a case study of Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) conservation in 3 villages in Indonesia. Each village had a different conservation program design. We surveyed people (n = 240) to determine their motivations for and behavior changes relative to orangutan and orangutan habitat (forest) protection. Heteronomous motivations (e.g., income from tourism) led to greater self‐reporting of behavior change toward orangutan protection. However, they did not change self‐reported behavior toward forest (i.e., orangutan habitat) protection. The most effective approach to creating self‐reported behavior change throughout the community was a combination of autonomous and heteronomous motivations. Individuals who were heteronomously motivated to protect the orangutan were more likely to have changed attitudes than to have changed their self‐reported behavior. These findings demonstrate that the current paradigm of motivating communities in developing countries to adopt conservation behaviors primarily through monetary incentives and rewards should consider integrating autonomous motivational techniques that promote the intrinsic values of conservation. Such a combination has a greater potential to achieve sustainable and cost‐effective conservation outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of using in‐depth sociopsychological analyses to inform the design and implementation of community‐based conservation programs. 相似文献