含CaCO_3油田污泥复配红磷阻燃EVA的研究

以乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、油田污泥(OS)、红磷(RP)为原料,采用熔融共混的方法制备了EVA/OS/RP复合材料(EOS),并通过锥形量热仪测试(CCT)、极限氧指数(LOI)和烟密度测试(SDT)等手段研究其阻燃、抑烟性能。CCT结果表明,EOS3(OS质量分数为47%、RP质量分数为3%)的热释放速率、生烟速率与其他样品相比均显著下降,其热释放速率峰值仅为286.2 k W/m~2。LOI结果表明,适量的RP可以提高材料的LOI值,最高可达26.8%。SDT结果表明,在未点火条件下,EOS6(OS质量分数、RP质量分数分别为41%,9%)的光通量高达53.2%;在点火条件下,EOS5(OS质量分数、RP质量分数分别为43%,7%)的光通量为24.1%。     

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk for premature ovarian failure and reproductive hormones imbalance

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide. Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction. However, the human data regarding relationship of PAHs exposure with women reproductive health, such as ovarian dysfunction, are scarce. In this case-control study, the associations of serum levels of PAHs with the risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) and reproductive hormones in Chinese women were investigated, with recruiting 157 POF patients and 217 healthy women. The serum levels of 12 types of PAHs, as well as reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and anti-mullerian hormone, were determined. In the logistic regression models, most individual PAH congeners showed significantly positive correlations with the risk of POF (p < 0.05), except for fluorine and pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), as the most carcinogenic PAH congener, was observed to be significantly positively associated with the risk of POF. After adjustment for age, body mass index, educational levels and household income, per one-unit increase in the log-transformed BaP concentration was significantly correlated with 2.191-fold increased risk of POF (OR = 2.191, 95%CI: 1.634–2.938, p < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between internal exposure levels of PAHs and the increased risk of POF in women.     

银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及健康风险评价

在宁夏银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地共采集49个表层土样,采用气相色谱质谱联用检测方法,分析了土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate esters,PAEs)化合物含量,并对其污染分布、污染特征进行了评价,同时对美国EPA和欧盟优先控制的6种PAEs进行了人体暴露的健康风险评价.结果表明,银川市东郊设施蔬菜基地土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物(∑16PAEs)的含量范围为2.123~17.271 mg·kg~(-1),平均值和中位数分别为5.120和4.324 mg·kg~(-1).土样中DMP、DEP、Dn BP、DIBP和DEHP的检出率为100%.其中,DMP、Dn BP和DEHP是研究区土壤中PAEs污染物的主要组成部分,DMP、Dn BP和DEHP分别占∑16PAEs总量的46.03%、26.55%和10.32%,三者之和占∑16PAEs的82.79%,占美国EPA 6种优先控制污染物水平的86.16%.对人体健康风险评价表明,研究区6种优先控制化合物对人体产生的非致癌风险均1,未超过EPA推荐的非致癌水平,表明非致癌风险在可接受范围之内.对于DEHP单体,居民通过饮食途径的致癌风险为(0.779±1.370)×10-5,超过EPA推荐的致癌水平,应引起一定的重视,而BBP和DEHP其它非饮食途径的致癌风险都在可接受范围,不会对人体健康产生危害.     

Anaerobic digestion in mesophilic and room temperature conditions: Digestion performance and soil-borne pathogen survival

Tomato plant waste(TPW) was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS(total solid) concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic(37 ± 1°C) and room(20–25°C) temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416 L/kg VS(volatile solids). The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR(polymerase chain reaction) were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA(volatile fatty acid) concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety.     

烟气同时脱硫脱硝技术进展研究

中国二氧化硫和氮氧化物的排放所引起的污染越来越严重,国家治理大气污染的力度逐步加大.现阶段单独脱硫脱硝的技术已经很成熟,考虑到经济高效的问题,烟气同时脱硫脱硝技术是当前烟气净化技术研究的热点之一.研究开发经济、高效、简单的烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术十分必要和紧迫.本文介绍了几种典型烟气同时脱硫脱硝技术原理及其研究现状,分析了其原理及优缺点,对几种工艺进行了技术和经济分析.最后对脱硫脱硝一体化技术的发展前景作了展望.     

某芳烃装置职业暴露苯致癌风险评估

目的:对苯长期职业性暴露下的致癌风险进行定量评价,以期为职业肿瘤等严重职业病的防控提供依据。方法:选取某大型芳烃装置作业人员为研究对象,利用目前国际上普遍采用的四段法对某芳烃装置苯长期职业性暴露下的致癌风险进行定量评价;通过对工作场所中的职业危害因素进行辨识,收集相关的动物实验、人群流行病学数据等资料,再根据工作场所中实际的环境暴露浓度,建立内暴露的剂量-反应评价多阶模型,运用蒙特卡洛模拟方法得到职业暴露人群在此环境下长期工作所存在的患癌风险概率。结果:该芳烃装置相关工作人员90%情况下苯暴露致癌风险低于2.55×10~(-4)。结论:该装置工人苯暴露的致癌风险超过可接受的致癌风险水平,需要及时采取相应措施降低风险。     

一株芴降解菌的分离鉴定及其对多环芳烃的降解广谱性研究

从某焦化厂活性污泥中筛选出一株芴的优势降解菌株W-1,经形态学观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA基因序列分析,确定W-1为粪产碱杆菌.在接种量10%(V/V),初始芴浓度40 mg/L,pH 7.0,温度30℃的条件下,接种培养11 d后,菌株W-1对芴的降解效率达到87.8%.菌株W-1对多环芳烃的降解具有广谱性,...     

亚硝酸盐反硝化颗粒污泥的二次启动试验研究

接种0～4℃贮存2个月亚硝酸盐反硝化颗粒污泥，以甲醇为电子供体、亚硝酸盐为电子受体在USB(上流式污泥床)反应器内进行二次启动。结果显示，在逐步提高进水负荷下，约46 d完成了反应器二次启动，污泥床负荷达到3.43 g N/（L·d），NO₂-N去除率为99%；在稳定运行阶段，当进水NO₂-N浓度为50 mg/L、负荷从1.7 g N/（L·d）逐步提高至5.1 g N/（L·d）时，NO₂-N去除率均大于98%；当表观流速为2.68 m/h、进水负荷逐步提高至8.0 g N/（L·d）时，脱氮率下降至63%，过程中污泥床最大去除速率约为5.7 g N/（L·d）。研究认为，亚硝酸盐颗粒污泥床具有稳定和去除效率高等特点。     

Identification of rice cultivar with exclusive characteristic to Cd using a field-polluted soil and its foreground application

Using low-accumulative plant, especially excluder crop, to safely produce food is one of the very important technologies of phytoremediation, which is practical to safe production and long-term remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. A pot experiment using field cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil (Cd concentration was 0.75 mg?kg^?1) was conducted to compare Cd accumulation differences among 39 normal rice cultivars (Japonica) in Shenyang region of China for food safety and high grain yield aim. The results showed that brown grain Cd concentration in 12 rice cultivars of a total of 39 tested cultivars was lower than 0.2 mg?kg^?1 (Agricultural Trade Standard of Nonpollution Food for Rice of China, NY 5115–2008). In these 12 cultivars, Cd enrichment factors (Cd concentration ratio in shoot to that in soil) of nine cultivars were lower than 1. Likewise, Cd translocation factors (Cd concentration ratio in shoot to that in root) of eight cultivars were lower than the 0.28 average. Furthermore, grain yield per pot of seven cultivars were higher than the average 18.4 g?pot^?1. Four cultivars, i.e., Shendao 5, Tianfu 1, Fuhe 90, and Yanfeng 47 showed Cd-exclusive characteristic and better foreground application.     

Optimal regulation of N/P in horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland through quantitative phosphorus removal by steel slag fed

High concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and imbalance of N/P can lead to the formation of water and the malignant proliferation of toxic microalgae. This study put forward the advanced nutrient removal with the regulation of effluent N/P as the core in order to restrain the eutrophication and growth of poisonous algae. According to the preliminary study and review, the optimal N/P for non-toxic green algae was 50:1. The horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland was filled with steel slag and ceramsite to achieve the regulation of effluent N/P. The results showed that steel slag had the stable P removal capacity when treating synthetic solution with low P concentration and the average removal rate for 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/L synthetic P solution was 2.98 ± 0.20 mg kg−1/h, 2.26 ± 0.15 mg kg−1/h, and 1.11 ± 0.10 mg kg−1/h, respectively. Combined with P removal rate and P removal task, the filling amount of steel slag along the SSFCW (sub-surface flow constructed wetland) was 3.22 kg, 4.24 kg, and 4.31 kg. In order to ensure the stability of dephosphorization of steel slag, the regeneration of P removal capacity was investigated by switching operation of two parallel SSFCW in 20 days for cycle. The N removal was limited for the deficiency of carbon source (COD (chemical oxygen demand)/TN = 3–4), and was stable at 18.5–31.9% which was less affected by temperature. Therefore, by controlling the process of quantitative P removal of steel slag, the effluent N/P in SSFCW can be stable at 40–60:1 in the whole year, so as to inhibit the malignant proliferation of toxic algae.