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61.
Di Shanshan Diao Jinling Wang Xiangyun Qi Peipei Wang Zhiwei Xu Hao Zhang Hu Wang Xinquan Han Jiajun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9500-9507
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sediments are reservoirs and sources of DDTs to the aquatic ecosystem. However, the role of sediment particulate matter and benthic organisms in... 相似文献
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63.
Zhiqiang Cai Sai Shi Shanshan Li Baike Yang Qiaoli Chen Xiyue Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8831-8838
ZJ0273 (propyl 4-(2-(4,6-demethoxy pyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate) is a novel herbicide developed in China for oilseed crop. Sixteen bacteria capable of utilizing ZJ0273 as the sole carbon source were isolated from soils. One of the isolates was designated as Bacillus sp. CY based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. The present study aimed to investigate the ZJ0273 degradation characteristics and kinetics by Bacillus sp. CY which has the ability to utilize ZJ0273 as the sole source of carbon and energy under aerobic conditions. The optimum biodegradation temperature, pH, and ZJ0273 initial concentration were 20–40 °C, 5.0–9.0, and 50–400 mg/l, respectively. Strain CY degraded 65 % of ZJ0273 (initial concentration of 50 mg/l) during 30 days of incubation in basal mineral medium at pH 8.0 and 35 °C. DT50 (half-life value), k (degradation rate constant of ZJ0273), and R 2 are 19.20 days, 0.0361 day?1, and 0.9464, respectively. 相似文献
64.
转基因作物潜在的健康和环境风险一直以来颇受争议,转基因作物加工成动物饲料后可能会诱导动物产生免疫应激反应,影响动物的生长发育、繁殖等。鱼类是水生脊椎动物的代表,已广泛应用于水环境的监测,但目前转基因作物对鱼类的饲用安全性研究还相对较少。文章基于转基因作物作为鱼饲料原料对鱼类生态毒理学效应的研究现状,综述了转基因作物对鱼的生长表现、生理生化、脏器功能及发育、组织病理以及行为活动等方面的生态毒理学效应,分析了当前研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了探讨。 相似文献
65.
沉积物中不同浓度多壁碳纳米管对Cd和BDE-47生态毒性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着碳纳米管的广泛应用,其将不可避免地进入环境中.由于其具有极好的吸附亲和力和吸附容量,碳纳米管可以充当环境中持久性有毒污染物的载体,从而改变共存污染物的生物有效性和生态毒性.为评价淡水沉积物中不同多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对Cd和BDE-47生态毒性的影响,采用沉积物慢性生物测试研究了不同浓度MWCNTs存在下Cd和BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏抗氧化防御系统关键成分超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与Ⅱ相解毒反应的关键酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)以及脂质过氧化损伤指标丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果表明,沉积物中低浓度MWCNTs(0.5 mg·g~(-1))增强Cd对铜锈环棱螺的氧化胁迫,中、高浓度(5、50 mg·g~(-1))MWCNTs引起Cd对铜锈环棱螺的氧化损伤,MWCNTs的存在显著增强了沉积物中Cd对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,而且具有浓度-效应关系;低浓度MWCNTs不影响BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,中、高浓度MWCNTs显著降低BDE-47的毒性,同样具有明显的浓度-效应关系.因此,在评价MWCNTs的潜在环境风险时,不仅考虑MWCNTs自身的毒性,还应当考虑MWCNTs的浓度、共存污染物的种类和MWCNTs与共存污染物之间的相互作用. 相似文献
66.
北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
氨是形成可吸入颗粒物(PM2.5)的重要前体,采用国外排放因子的平均值作为排放因子,研究了北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征。2012年北京畜禽养殖业产生的氨为4.43万t。顺义区排放量最多,占总排放量的20.4%;朝阳区仅养殖少量奶牛,海淀区养殖量少,门头沟区为北京生态涵养发展区,上述几个区氨排放量较低。顺义区排放强度最大,为8.9 t/km2,其后依次为大兴区、平谷区、密云县,而朝阳区、门头沟区、丰台区、海淀区排放强度较小,北京市平均氨排放强度为2.70 t/km2。肉鸡养殖是氨排放的最大贡献源,占总排放量的37.8%,养猪业次之,占37.3%。研究结果可为北京市氨及大气污染防治,尤其是霾天气治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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68.
Dou Zhang Zhiwei Li Jiguo Qiu Shanshan Zhou 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(10):688-694
A new species of Rhodococcus, designated strain MZ-3, which could degrade acetochlor efficiently were isolated and identified. The isolate could degrade and utilize acetochlor as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for growth. The optimal conditions for the degradation and growth of MZ-3 were pH 7.0 and 30°C. Under these conditions, this strain could completely degrade 200 mg/L of acetochlor within 12 h of incubation. During the biodegradation process, the enantioselectivity of the strain was investigated using a chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. However, no obvious enantioselectivities were found. 2-chloro-N-(2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl) acetamide (CMEPA) was detected as the intermediate using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. Our results suggest that strain MZ-3 might be a promising microorganism for the bioremediation of acetochlor-contaminated environments because of its acetochlor-degrading performance. 相似文献
69.
Tao Chuanjiang Li Dahui Zhang Xinzhong Chen Shanshan Fu Lijuan Piao Xiuying Shi Jie Jiang Hui Li Chongjiu Li Jianzhong 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,165(1-4):685-692
To analysze the dynamic degradation and final residues of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos, field-experiments with pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) in open field and greenhouse were carried out in Beijing, China in 2004 and 2005. The degradation dynamics and final residues were determined by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a pulsed flame photometric detector and GC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS)/MS after acephate was applied on open field and green house pakchoi (B. campestris L.). The dynamic degradation results showed that the half-lives of acephate and methamidophos in open field pakchoi were 1.36 days with dynamic degradation equation C t ?=?133.01e???0.5107t , and 2.86 days with C t ?=?6.5753e???0.2422t , respectively. While the half-lives of acephate and methamidophos in the greenhouse were 1.07 days with C t ?=?59.134e???0.4353t and 0.79 days with C t ?=?0.2703e???0.2595t , respectively. The final residue analysis demonstrated that >50% of total methamidophos were resulted from the degradation of acephate 7 and 18 days after it was applied on the greenhouse pakchoi, respectively. While in the open-field pakchoi, >90% of total methamidophos was found to be the metabolite of acephate. 相似文献
70.
经济发展可持续性状态与趋势定量评价方法研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
提出了基于环境绩效的可持续经济发展的定义,并设计了一个三角图.通过经济发展、资源能源消耗和环境污染三相互关系的研究,定量评价了经济发展的可持续性.利用三角图法对中国经济发展的可持续性状态和长期变化趋势进行了评价.结果表明,2000年中国的经济发展呈现出相对较弱的可持续性状态,中国大陆31个行政区大部分处于由弱不可持续性到弱可持续性的状态;1980—1991年中国经济发展表现出较弱的可持续性趋势,而1991—2000年则呈现出较强的可持续性趋势.这是中国改革开放20年来在环境保护方面不断加强的结果.案例研究表明,三角图法原理简单、计算简便、结果表现直观、评价指标和对象选择灵活,是一种值得推广的评价经济发展可持续性状态和长期变化趋势的定量方法。 相似文献