官地水电站竹子坝料场高边坡的稳定性分析及其影响因数研究

竹子坝料场是官地水电站混凝土浇筑骨料的重要来源之一。结合竹子坝料场的地形地质情况,以及料场开挖后形成的东、南、西三段人工边坡,运用刚体极限平衡的方法进行稳定性分析及其影响因数的研究。     

用次磷酸钠废渣制备饲料级磷酸三钙

采用高温煅烧工艺，以工业生产次磷酸钠的废渣为原料，制备饲料级磷酸三钙，并对最佳工艺条件进行探讨。最佳工艺条件：煅烧温度600℃、煅烧时间20min。制得的饲料级磷酸三钙中磷的质量分数为16％～18％，符合Q／YHY01—2003《饲料级磷酸三钙》产品质量企业标准。     

氯苯嘧啶醇在水体中的光解机制研究

以太阳光为实验光源研究了氯苯嘧啶醇在水溶液中的光解,考察了pH、水体类型、溶解氧及卤素离子等对其光解的影响.结果表明,氯苯嘧啶醇在水溶液中的光解符合一级动力学方程,在不同水体中氯苯嘧啶醇光解的速率大小顺序为:重蒸水>水库水>湖水>池塘水;氯苯嘧啶醇光解的半衰期随着溶液pH的增大而延长,当pH为5、7、9、11时光解半衰期分别为5.00、6.86、7.45、7.53 h;3种卤素离子对氯苯嘧啶醇光解有很大的影响,均表现出强的猝灭作用,3种离子的猝灭能力的大小顺序为Ⅰ->Br->Cl-;溶解氧和三重态光猝灭剂山梨酸均对氯苯嘧啶醇在水中的光解没有影响,而三重态光敏剂丙酮则对其光解有较强的猝灭作用,表明氯苯嘧啶醇在水中的光解主要以直接光解为主,光解过程不经历三重态.     

Study on cooperative strategies of rural water environment governance PPP project between companies and farmers from the perspective of evolutionary game

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The PPP mode of rural water environment governance was conducive to attracting social capital for giving full play to the decisive role of the market...     

华北区域点冬季二次有机气溶胶特征与影响因素

为探明二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的污染特征和影响因素,本研究于2018年11月—2019年1月对华北区域点(德州市郊区点)细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的化学组成进行了在线测量,并分析了PM_(2.5)中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和水溶性离子组分的污染特征及PM_(2.5)与气象要素之间的相关性.结果表明,观测期间德州PM_(2.5)污染严重,平均质量浓度为(115.6±24.6)μg·m~(-3);其中,有机碳和元素碳是PM_(2.5)的主要成分,平均质量浓度分别为(8.2±5.8)μg·m~(-3)和(2.6±2.2)μg·m~(-3),占PM_(2.5)总质量的7.1%和2.2%;PM_(2.5)与风速呈负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关,与气温的相关性较差,偏北风对PM_(2.5)浓度影响较大.同时,本研究利用EC示踪OC/EC比值法对PM_(2.5)中的二次有机碳(SOC)进行了估算,通过估算得到的SOC结果表明,华北区域点冬季SOC是OC的重要组成部分,平均浓度为(4.0±2.9)μg·m~(-3),占OC的45.7%,SOC在白天占比较高(62.7%),早晚由于有局地生物质燃烧影响,SOC占比降低,约占OC的42.7%.本研究还分析了SOC生成的影响因素,分析了德州市冬季O_3、含水量、酸度与SOC的相关性.结果表明,SOC受臭氧浓度影响,但在白天和夜晚表现出不同的相关关系,可能存在不同的生成机制.最后,利用ISORROPIA模型估算了颗粒物的含水量和酸度,发现SOC在高含水量和低含水量下存在不同的关系,高含水量更能促进SOC生成;在高含水量下SOC与H~+具有显著相关性,但在低含水量下则不相关,表明颗粒物含水量较高、H~+浓度较高情况下液相酸催化反应可能对SOC具有重要贡献.     

基于腔衰减相移光谱法的二氧化氮分析仪的设计与应用

基于腔衰减相移光谱法设计了一套二氧化氮在线分析仪,通过优化测量参数,该仪器可长期稳定运行,其时间分辨率为60 s,检出限为0.191 ppb,在0~300 ppb范围内,NO₂气体浓度与相位正切信号值具有较好的二次拟合关系,R²为0.9995.另外,该仪器在泰安站进行了长期外场观测,并与改装后的进口商品化仪器PKU-Thermo 42i-TL进行比对实验,结果表明,两者的测量结果一致性较好,R²=0.9811,表明其具有良好的运行稳定性和测定结果准确性,适用于环境大气二氧化氮浓度的在线监测.外场观测结果表明,春季泰安站二氧化氮浓度均值为12.39 ppb,有明显日变化规律.     

An investigation of changes in water quality throughout the drinking water production/distribution chain using toxicological and fluorescence analyses

Changes in water quality from source water to finished water and tap water at two conventional drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were monitored.Beside the routine water quality testing,Caenorhabditis elegans-based toxicity assays and the fluorescence excitation–emission matrices technique were also applied.Both DWTPs supplied drinking water that met government standards.Under current test conditions,both the investigated finished water and tap water samples exhibited stronger lethal,genotoxic and reprotoxic potential than the relative source water sample,and the tap water sample was more lethal but tended to be less genotoxic than the corresponding finished water sample.Meanwhile,the nearly complete removal of tryptophan-like substances and newly generated tyrosine-like substances were observed after the treatment of drinking water,and humic-like substances were identified in the tap water.Based on these findings,toxic pollutants,including genotoxic/reproductive toxicants,are produced in the drinking water treatment and/or distribution processes.Moreover,further studies are needed to clarify the potentially important roles of tyrosine-like and humic-like substances in mediating drinking water toxicity and to identify the potential sources of these contaminants.Additionally,tryptophan-like fluorescence may be adopted as a useful parameter to monitor the treatment performance of DWTPs.Our observations provided insights into the importance of utilizing biotoxicity assays and fluorescence spectroscopy as tools to complement the routine evaluation of drinking water.     

Plasmonic silver/silver oxide nanoparticles anchored bismuth vanadate as a novel visible-light ternary photocatalyst for degrading pharmaceutical micropollutants

The degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutants is an intensifying environmental problem and synthesis of efficient photocatalysts for this purpose is one of the foremost challenges worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop novel plasmonic Ag/Ag₂O/BiVO₄ nanocomposite photocatalysts by simple precipitation and thermal decomposition methods, which could exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for mineralized pharmaceutical micropollutants. Among the different treatments, the best performance was observed for the Ag/Ag₂O/BiVO₄ nanocomposites (5 wt.%; 10 min's visible light irradiation) which exhibited 6.57 times higher photodegradation rate than the pure BiVO₄. Further, the effects of different influencing factors on the photodegradation system of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) were investigated and the feasibility for its practical application was explored through the specific light sources, water source and cycle experiments. The mechanistic study demonstrated that the photogenerated holes (h⁺), superoxide radicals (?O₂^?) and hydroxyl radicals (?OH) participated in TC-HCl removal process, which is different from the pure BiVO₄ reaction system. Hence, the present work can provide a new approach for the formation of novel plasmonic photocatalysts with high photoactivity and can act as effective practical application for environmental remediation.     

Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control

Large-scale gold production(LSGP) is one of the five convention-related atmospheric mercury(Hg) emission sources in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. However, field experiments on Hg flows of the whole process of LSGP are limited. To identify the atmospheric Hg emission points and understand Hg emission characteristics of LSGP, Hg flows in two gold smelters were studied. Overall atmospheric Hg emissions accounted for 10%–17% of total Hg outputs and the Hg emission factors for all processes were 7.6–9.6 kg/ton. There were three dominant atmospheric Hg emission points in the studied gold smelters, including the exhaust gas of the roasting process, exhaust gas from the environmental fog collection stack and exhaust gas from the converter of the refining process. Atmospheric Hg emissions from the roasting process only accounted for 16%–29% of total emissions and the rest were emitted from the refining process. The overall Hg speciation profile(gaseous elemental Hg/gaseous oxidized Hg/particulate-bound Hg) for LSGP was 34.1/57.1/8.8. The dominant Hg output byproducts included waste acid, sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching residue. Total Hg outputs from these three byproducts were 80% in smelter A and 84% in smelter B. Our study indicated that previous atmospheric Hg emissions from large-scale gold production might have been overestimated.Hg emission control in LSGP is not especially urgent in China compared to other significant emission sources(e.g., cement plants). Instead, LSGP is a potential Hg release source due to the high Hg output proportions to acid and sludge.     

环保型民用建筑墙体节能工程施工质量监督策略研究

环保型民用建筑墙体节能工程施工的材料、设备、工艺复杂,需要进行建筑施工优化管理和质量监督,从而确保施工进度和工程质量,对环保型民用建筑墙体节能工程施工实施全过程质量控制,加强墙体施工的质量监督和管理。对建筑项目做好工程施工质量的风险预估,结合材料和设备、环境等方面的影响因素进行工程质量技术指导和风险控制。在施工过程中进行质量监督的动态过程控制,按照标准和规范,进行环保型节能建筑墙体施工质量的量化管理,使得建筑施工质量符合规范标准要求。