石油石化行业急性中毒事故的现场抢救

石油石化行业工艺复杂,存在的有害因素种类繁多,一旦发生急性中毒其涉及面广、影响大,有时可造成严重危害。文章较为详细地介绍了该行业存在的主要有毒物质以及发生急性中毒事故的必要条件和特点,阐述了有毒物质侵入人体的途径主要为直接接触或通过呼吸,最后针对一般情况、吸入性中毒、直接接触造成危害的情况介绍了相应的现场急救处理措施。     

军用鞋靴足底压力的舒适性测试分析

基于先进的足底压力分布测试系统。本文分析了6种军用鞋靴样品在穿着中速行走时的受力舒适性。首次提出并应用了极大应力值、持续时间及位置、应力分散程度、压力中心移动曲线等有效参量数据，对鞋靴的适体性、弯曲刚度、减震性能、崴磨脚与否等舒适性指标进行客观定量的评价。实践证明，其手段、方法和结论可为我军军用鞋靴的设计、选材及定型提供重要参考意见。     

Asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway workers during renovation of subway air-conditioning systems

Air quality in underground spaces has seldom been evaluated in Korea. Accordingly, the current study recently evaluated asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway workers during the renovation of the subway's air-conditioning system. To identify possible routes of asbestos exposure, suspected sources, including gaskets, ceiling boards, ceiling materials, and dust settled inside ducts, were all sampled. Personal air samples were also taken to evaluate any asbestos exposure during the renovation. The asbestos fibers found in the samples were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). Twelve out of eighteen bulk samples contained asbestos, the majority of which was chrysotile fibers. Asbestos was detected in 9 out of 72 personal air samples and the level ranged from 0.003 to 0.02 fibers/cm(3). While asbestos levels were below Korean occupational limit of 2 fibers/cm(3), they were still detectable and therefore further monitoring would be appropriate.     

Potential source of asbestos in non-asbestos textile manufacturing company

Recently, a worker with lung carcinoma and a metastatic brain tumor was diagnosed as having a work-related disease. He had been employed in a non-asbestos textile company for 25 years. Consequently, to identify and explore possible causative agents for lung cancer in a non-asbestos textile manufacturing company and establish a causal relationship between exposure and lung cancer, an epidemiological investigative study was conducted and the work processes the worker was engaged in were examined. Air samples were taken from the workplace and during the drilling processes, and a suspected causative material was analyzed. The study revealed that the subject had been employed in the non-asbestos textile manufacturing company for 25 years from 1973 and his responsibilities included repairing spinning machines. In particular, the subject was involved in drilling B-bushings that were used to protect against gear abrasion in the spinning machines. An analysis of the B-bushings using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer indicated that they contained crocidolite asbestos fibers. Air samples obtained when drilling the B-bushings clearly indicated that the subject had most likely been exposed to crocidolite fibers when installing the B-bushings in the spinning machines. The frequency and duration of the work suggested that there would be a sufficient degree of exposure to crocidolite fibers to cause lung cancer. Except for smoking and asbestos exposure, no other chemical exposure was suspected for developing lung cancer in the workplace. Smoking appeared to be more of a potentiating risk factor in conjunction with the asbestos exposure. Accordingly, this case may provide significant evidence in identifying the cause of the mesothelioma or lung carcinoma found among workers in non-asbestos textile manufacturing companies elsewhere.     

Biologically induced Po emission from fresh water

Behavior of Po in fresh waters was examined in laboratory culture experiments using fresh water collected from a small pool, Xi river and Xiqing lake, showing formation of volatile Po compounds followed by emission to air. Addition of tryptone to the fresh water cultures increased the emission of Po considerably along with a growth of microorganisms, suggesting a connection of chemoheterotrophs to Po emission. Participation of photoautotrophs was also considered because Po emission was increased when NaHCO3 was added to the fresh water cultures. The emission behavior of Po and S in these experiments appeared in different ways. The quantity of Po emitted was comparable to the previous culture experiments (Momoshima, Song, Osaki & Maeda, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2956-2960, 2001) in which artificial culture medium containing 3% NaCl was used and inoculated with sea sediment extract. The biological support for Po emission, thus, would be a general phenomenon in fresh water as well as a seawater environment and is possibly a source for atmospheric Po.     

区域可持续发展生态评估的能值分析研究进展与展望

可持续发展的生态评估是当前国际生态经济学与可持续发展研究的前沿问题之一，能值分析以能量为单位定量评估人类生态经济系统中各种生态流的可持续性，是一个重要的研究方向。尽管能值分析定量评价了自然环境资源对人类生态经济系统的贡献．克服了传统能量与经济分析方法的诸多缺憾，但在理论方法上仍存在不足之处。综合国内外区域能值分析的最新进展。能值转换率的确定、能值分析与空阃格局分析的整合、能值成本价值论与市场（使用）价值论的整合、可持续性阈值等问题将是下一步的研究重点。     

西湖底泥对水中苯胺、苯酚的吸附性能及机理

研究了杭州西湖５ 个不同采样点底泥对水中苯胺、苯酚的吸附性能及机理,初步探讨了ｐＨ和振荡时间对吸附的影响．结果表明,西湖底泥中有机碳含量较高（５．６６％ ～１１．９０％ ）,对水中苯胺的吸附作用及其去除率与底泥的有机碳含量成正相关（ｒ＝ ０．９９８）;对苯酚的吸附作用及其去除率与底泥的比表面积成正相关（ｒ＝ ０．９４２）．     

废高磁合金钢中钴、镍的分离和利用

用硫酸、盐酸和硝酸溶解废高磁合金钢、并将Fe^2 氧化为Fe^3 。先用黄铁矾法除去大部分铁,用尿素除去少量的铁及铝、钛、铜;最后在NH3－NH4Cl体系中分离钴、镍,并制成相应的盐。钴、镍的回收率分别国81．5％、89．7％。     

乙草胺对土壤微生物的影响研究

研究了乙草胺在6种不同浓度下对土壤微生物种群数量及土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌生长速率的影响.采用密闭法测定乙草胺对土壤微生物呼吸的影响.结果表明,乙草胺对土壤微生物种群数量及土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌生长速率均有一定的抑制作用,对土壤微生物呼吸作用具有明显的抑制作用.     

空难对湿地浮游植物的影响

浮游植物已经广泛应用于环境影响评价.包头"11·21"空难对南海子浮游植物的种类、种群结构、优势种(属)、细胞密度、种类数和细胞密度的空间分布产生了重要影响.调查表明:南海子浮游植物有5门27属,其中蓝藻门有5个属,隐藻门有2个属,硅藻门有5个属,裸藻门有2个属,绿藻门有13个属;蓝藻门和绿藻门为南海子的优势门类,其中微囊藻、平裂藻和栅藻为优势属;南海子浮游植物的Margelef种类丰度指数为0.9646,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.7647,空难后南海子水体污染严重;浮游植物(特别是富营养化指示藻类)的种类数和细胞密度的高值区主要出现在污染水域.南海子水质的浮游植物生物学评价结果表明,空难事故后南海子水体已属于严重富营养化水平.