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61.
Mehrez Samaali Michael D. Moran Vronique S. Bouchet Radenko Pavlovic Sophie Cousineau Mourad Sassi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(32):4873-4885
The influence of chemical initial conditions and chemical lateral boundary conditions (CLBCs) on long-term regional air quality model simulations was investigated using outputs from an annual simulation of the year 2002 on a North American domain. This simulation was carried out using the AURAMS regional air quality model. It was subdivided into three multi-month segments with two overlap periods (May 15–30 and September 1–30) to allow the segments to be run in parallel. For this approach to work, model predictions had to match very closely by the end of the two-week and four-week overlap periods. The time required for the values of daily domain-average surface PM2.5 concentration to match for the two simulation segments associated with each of the two overlap periods was four and six days, respectively. For individual locations within the model domain, however, the required spin-up period was as much as nine days, considerably longer than the 2–4-day spin-up period usually assumed in the literature. For ozone, on the other hand, the daily domain-average surface ozone concentration values did not converge for either overlap period. A zero-gradient CLBC had been used for all run segments and species. When a time-invariant CLBC for ozone was used instead, the daily domain-average surface ozone concentration values behaved more realistically and did converge after fewer than three days. A similar improvement was also obtained for individual locations, but with spin-up periods of up to nine days. Model chemical spin-up time thus seems to be dependent on the species considered, the time required for the influence of the inflow boundaries to reach all locations within the domain, and the impact of local emissions sources. These results suggest the use of a spin-up period of longer than one week for a large (continental) domain and long-term simulation of PM2.5 and O3 rather than the 2–4 days commonly assumed in the literature. 相似文献
62.
Cécile Courdier John Boudjarane Valérie Malan Christine Muti Brian Sperelakis-Beedham Sylvie Odent Sylvie Jaillard Chloé Quelin Cédric Le Caignec Olivier Patat Charlotte Dubucs Sophie Julia Caroline Schluth-Bolard Carole Goumy Sylvia Redon Jean-Baptiste Gaillard Minh Tuan Huynh Céline Dupont Anne-Claude Tabet Guillaume Cogan François Vialard Rodolphe Dard Guillaume Jedraszak Florence Jobic Mathilde Lefebvre Geneviève Quenum Saori Inai Mélanie Rama Fanny Sauvestre Frédéric Coatleven Julie Thomas Caroline Rooryck 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):734-745
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Sophie S. Parker Gregory B. Pauly James Moore Naomi S. Fraga John J. Knapp Zachary Principe Brian V. Brown John M. Randall Brian S. Cohen Thomas A. Wake 《Conservation biology》2018,32(5):1007-1019
When conservation strategies require new, field‐based information, practitioners must find the best ways to rapidly deliver high‐quality survey data. To address this challenge, several rapid‐assessment approaches have been developed since the early 1990s. These typically involve large areas, take many months to complete, and are not appropriate when conservation‐relevant survey data are urgently needed for a specific locale. In contrast, bioblitzes are designed for quick collection of site‐specific survey data. Although bioblitzes are commonly used to achieve educational or public‐engagement goals, conservation practitioners are increasingly using a modified bioblitz approach to generate conservation‐relevant data while simultaneously enhancing research capacity and building working partnerships focused on conservation concerns. We term these modified events expert bioblitzes. Several expert bioblitzes have taken place on lands of conservation concern in Southern California and have involved collaborative efforts of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, botanic gardens, museums, and universities. The results of expert bioblitzes directly informed on‐the‐ground conservation and decision‐making; increased capacity for rapid deployment of expert bioblitzes in the future; and fostered collaboration and communication among taxonomically and institutionally diverse experts. As research and conservation funding becomes increasingly scarce, expert bioblitzes can play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
68.
Sophie Arnaud-Haond V. Vonau C. Rouxel F. Bonhomme Jean Prou E. Goyard P. Boudry 《Marine Biology》2008,155(2):147-157
In order to study further the genetic structure of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in French Polynesia with a special consideration for the sampling scale, we analyzed or re-analyzed sets of data based on
nuclear DNA markers obtained at different spatial scales. At a large scale (several 1,000 km), the remote Marquesas Islands
were confirmed to be significantly differentiated from Tuamotu–Gambier and Society archipelagos, with a marked difference
however for the two main islands that are different from each other. At a medium scale (several 10 to several 100 km), overall
homogeneity was observed within and between these two archipelagos, with some exceptions. This could be attributed both to
large-scale larval dispersal and to human-driven spat translocations due to pearl oyster cultivation. These results contrast
with those observed (1) at a small scale (less than 10 km) in a lagoon heavily impacted by translocation and cultural practices,
where significant genetic differentiation was detected among three laying beds, and (2) at a micro scale where we detected
an important variability of the genetic composition of young spat recruited on artificial collectors. Such patterns could
result from a high variance in the number of genitors at the origin of each cohort, or from pre- or post-settlement selection
on linked loci. Altogether, our data support the hypothesis that under certain conditions populations of bivalves may exhibit
patterns of chaotic genetic patchiness at local scale, in line with the increasing report of such patchiness in marine benthic
organisms. This underlines the importance of sampling scale that should be rigorously defined depending on the questions to
be answered. Nevertheless, a survey of about 80 articles dealing with population genetics of marine invertebrates showed that
only 35% of those studies disclosed details about the sampling strategy (particularly the area explored). These results emphasize
the need for cautious interpretation of patterns of genetic structure at medium scale when rigorous sampling strategies are
not deployed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
69.
Li Maotian Finlayson Brian Webber Michael Barnett Jon Webber Sophie Rogers Sarah Chen Zhongyuan Wei Taoyuan Chen Jing Wu Xiaodan Wang Mark 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(4):1153-1161
Regional Environmental Change - Many of the world’s major cities are expected to face significant water shortages in coming decades, largely due to increased demand arising from economic and... 相似文献
70.
Sophie?GourguetEmail author Olivier?Thébaud Sarah?Jennings L.?Richard?Little Catherine?M.?Dichmont Sean?Pascoe Roy?A.?Deng Luc?Doyen 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(3):371-389
Fisheries management must address multiple, often conflicting objectives in a highly uncertain context. In particular, while the bio-economic performance of trawl fisheries is subject to high levels of biological and economic uncertainty, the impact of trawling on broader biodiversity is also a major concern for their management. The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical framework to formally assess the trade-offs associated with balancing biological, economic and non-target species conservation objectives. We use the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF), which is one of the most valuable federally managed commercial fisheries in Australia, as a case study. We develop a stochastic co-viability assessment of the fishery under multiple management objectives. Results show that, due to the variability in the interactions between the fishery and the ecosystem, current management strategies are characterized by biological and economic risks. Results highlight the trade-offs between respecting biological, economic and non-target species conservation constraints at each point in time with a high probability and maximizing the net present value of the fishery. 相似文献