Resolving the influence of nitrogen abundances on sediment organic matter in macrophyte-dominated lakes,using fluorescence spectroscopy

A controlled experiment was designed to resolve the influence of nitrogen abundance on sediment organic matters in macrophyte-dominated lakes using fluorescence analysis.Macrophyte biomass showed coincident growth trends with time, but different variation rates with nitrogen treatment. All plant growth indexes with nitrogen addition(N, NH4Cl100, 200, 400 mg/kg, respectively) were lower than those of the control group. Four humiclike components, two autochthonous tryptophan-like components, and one autochthonous tyrosine-like component were identified using the parallel factor analysis model. The results suggested that the relative component changes of fluorescence in the colonized sediments were in direct relation to the change of root biomass with time. In the experiment, the root formation parameters of the plants studied were significantly affected by adding N in sediments, which may be related to the reason that the root growth was affected by N addition.Adding a low concentration of N to sediments can play a part in supplying nutrients to the plants. However, the intensive uptake of NH4+may result in an increase in the intracellular concentration of ammonia, which is highly toxic to the plant cells. Hence, our experiment results manifested that organic matter cycling in the macrophyte-dominated sediment was influenced by nitrogen enrichment through influencing vegetation and relevant microbial activity.     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

将溶胶-凝胶法制备的SO42-/TiO2在不同温度下焙烧得到了具有不同特性的催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、静态吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.研究了不同特性的SO42-/TiO2催化剂光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的行为,并对其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明:SO42-/TiO2在300-600℃下焙烧均具有较高的催化效率,而在700℃及800℃下焙烧其催化活性显著降低.SO42-/TiO2的这种催化特性是由其吸附性能、晶相组成及表面酸量决定的.     

土壤污染生物修复的影响因素

从污染物特征、微生物的降解能力和环境因子三个方面对土壤污染生物修复技术中的主要影响因素进行了综合评述,重点分析了修复过程中涉及的物理、化学及生物作用机理,并介绍了消除影响的对策和目前的研究进展。     

混凝絮凝法去除腐质酸的研究

进行了混凝絮凝法去除水中腐殖酸的研究，结果表明，同传统的絮凝剂相比，微生物絮凝剂不仅用量少，去除效果好(去除率可达60％)，而且不产生二次污染，可应用于废水特别是给水中腐殖酸的去除工艺中，对絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步研究，研究表明，微生物絮凝剂去除腐殖酸主要是通过架桥完成的，不同于A12(SO4)3的电中和机理。     

Ti(IV)与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石薄膜弱紫外光杀菌研究

采用共沉淀水热合成和离子交换的方法,制备了钛与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2:HAP)(HAPTiCu),以大肠杆菌为目标物,研究了不同材料负载的多孔镍网薄膜在弱紫外光下的杀菌活性.结果表明,HAPTiCu在弱紫外光下具有高效杀菌效率,并远远高于HAPTi和P25TiO2薄膜.这主要是铜离子的抗菌与光催化分解细菌的协同作用的结果.电子自旋共振(ESR)研究表明杀菌反应的主要活性物种是O-2·.HAPTiCu薄膜释放的铜离子在光催化杀菌反应过程中,被光催化还原沉积在表面,导致了较低的铜离子溶出,从而保证了材料的稳定性.     

水解－好氧法处理含硫废水的研究

采用水解－好氧法处理炼油过程中产生的含硫废水。试验结果表明：经过此工艺处理后的出水COD、氨氮、硫化物、酚分别为118.5mg/L、29.4mg/L、0.0mg/L和0.50mg/L,相应的去除率分别为90.4％、56.6％、100％和99.3％,出水水质达到国家有关排放标准。同时,设计独特的三相好氧床不仅能有较高的硝化能力,而且无剩余污泥排放。因此,可以省略剩余污泥的处理过程     

土壤微生物生物量及多样性测定方法评述

土壤微生物作为土壤中重要的分解者,在养分的循环与转化中起着重要的作用。另外,由于其与土壤理化性质相比,对外界环境的变化更为敏感,因此,土壤微生物性质常被用作表征土壤质量的灵敏性指标,而土壤微生物生物量与微生物多样性是土壤微生物学研究中应用最广泛的指标。土壤环境复杂,微生物种类丰富多样,需要合适的研究方法才能真正打开土壤系统这个黑箱,自19世纪60年代以后,土壤微生物学在研究方法上取得了重要的进展,本文综述了微生物生物量及多样性的概念及微生物生物量和多样性研究方法的发展状况,重点就已有应用比较多的研究方法如测定微生物生物量的熏蒸法,测定微生物多样性的平板计数法、Biolog微平板计数法、磷脂脂肪酸法及分子生物学等研究方法进行了详细介绍及优缺点分析。结合现有微生物生物量及多样性的测定方法,在未来的研究中,一方面应该引入更多的新技术,发展新方法,以期探索更多的未知微生物种群;其次应该根据实验要求,完善和改进现有研究方法,使其更为统一和准确;再者,在微生物数据的分析上应该探索和借鉴更多的分析方法和手段,从而更深入更全面的解读实验当中所得到的微生物的信息。     

模具CAD标准件库与资源库系统的设计

此文分析了传统方法建立标准件库的缺陷与存在的问题,提出了用作者开发的专用信息描述语言描述几何构形信息的思路。并介绍了基于信息描述语言建立标准件库和资源库的途径。     

生态全息论对发展循环经济的启示

作者根据生态全息的理论，提出了推行工业生态系统和循环经济的具体步骤。发展循环经济是一个大的系统工程，涉及到经济、环境、社会的各个层面，涉及到国民经济的各个行业和企业，必须进行系统的研究和战略部署，理念不能作为目标，没有政府的支持和企业的积极参与是不行的。     

Air–soil exchange of organochlorine pesticides in a sealed chamber

So far little is known about air–soil exchange under any sealed circumstances(e.g., in plastic and glass sheds), which however has huge implications for the soil–air–plant pathways of persistent organic pollutants including organochlorine pesticides(OCPs). A newly designed passive air sampler was tested in a sealed chamber for measuring the vertical concentration profiles of gaseous phase OCPs(hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs)). Air was sampled at 5, 15, and 30 cm above ground level every 10 th day during a 60-day period by deploying polyurethane foam cylinders housed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-covered cartridges. Concentrations and compositions of OCPs along the vertical sections indicated a clear relationship with proximity to the mixture of HCHs and DDTs which escapes from the soils. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between air temperatures and concentrations of HCHs and DDTs. These results indicated revolatilization and re-deposition being at or close to dynamic pseudo-equilibrium with the overlying air. The sampler used for addressing air–soil exchange of persistent organic pollutants in any sealed conditions is discussed.