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71.
Chai Xiaoli Lou Ziyang Takayuki Shimaoka Hirofumi Nakayama Zhu Ying Cao Xiaoyan Teppei Komiya Toshio Ishizaki Zhao Youcai 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(3):446-451
To elucidate the influence of landfill gas (LFG) emission on environmental factors, an ecological investigation that was primarily concerned with the characteristics of vegetation, cover soil, and solid waste in the landfill was carried out. Temporal and spatial variations in vegetation diversity and coverage and their effects on reducing the emission of methane in the landfill were investigated. The results showed that both vegetation coverage and diversity increased with elapsed landfill closure time. The transition trend of the vegetation species was from perennial plant (Phragmites australis) to annual plants. Perennial vegetation was the dominant type of vegetation during the early closure period, and annual vegetation coverage increased with closure time. Vegetation preferentially appeared in areas of comparatively high depth of cover soil, which was characterized by high moisture retentiveness that enabled vegetation growth. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide in the cover soil significantly decreased with increasing closure time. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide from bare cover soil were higher than those from vegetated cover soil whereas the CO2 flux of bare cover soil was less than that of vegetated cover soil. 相似文献
72.
Hai Bao Kundan Lal Shrestha Akira Kondo Akikazu Kaga Yoshio Inoue 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(3):421-431
Tropospheric ozone adversely affects human health and vegetation, and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission has potential to influence ozone concentration in summer season. In this research, the standard emissions of isoprene and monoterpene from the vegetation of the Kinki region of Japan, estimated from growth chamber experiments, were converted into hourly emissions for July 2002 using the temperature and light intensity data obtained from results of MM5 meteorological model. To investigate the effect of BVOC emissions on ozone production, two ozone simulations for one-month period of July 2002 were carried out. In one simulation, hourly BVOC emissions were included (BIO), while in the other one, BVOC emissions were not considered (NOBIO). The quantitative analyses of the ozone results clearly indicate that the use of spatio-temporally varying BVOC emission improves the prediction of ozone concentration. The hourly differences of monthly-averaged ozone concentrations between BIO and NOBIO had the maximum value of 6 ppb at 1400 JST. The explicit difference appeared in urban area, though the place where the maximum difference occurred changed with time. Overall, BVOC emissions from the forest vegetation strongly affected the ozone generation in the urban area. 相似文献
73.
Leaching of heavy metals in acid mine drainage. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Acid mine drainage is one of the most serious environmental problems that the coal and metal mining industry is currently facing. The generation of low pH drainage enhances the dissolution of heavy metals in water. The samples used in this research originated from three pits at mine dumps. In a study reported in this paper, three types of tests; namely static test, kinetic test and column test were conducted to estimate acid generation and acid neutralization reaction rates, and to predict the solubility of metals and their release rates. Static test showed that all samples had a pH of net acid generation (NAG pH) <4, a net acid producing potential (NAPP) >10 kg H2SO4tonne(-1), and a S-content >3%, which can be classified as a high acid-forming capacity. Simulated runoff in the column tests was equivalent to 5-year average rainfall in Indonesia, the resultant leachates showed acidic behaviour (pH < 3.5). Based on the results, it was found that high mobilization of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) takes place under strong acidic conditions (pH approximately equal 2). 相似文献
74.
The role of metals in dioxin formation from combustion of newspapers and polyvinyl chloride in an incinerator 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Newspapers impregnated with NaCl mixed with various chloride metals (CuCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, FeCl3, NiCl2, and CoCl2) and electric wire coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were combusted in a well-controlled incinerator. Exhaust gas samples collected at the outlet of the incinerator were analyzed for dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The amount of total dioxins formed from newspaper samples ranged from 34.2 ng/g (with NaCl+CoCl2) to 67.0 ng/g (with NaCl+CuCl2). PCDFs composed 88-94% of the total dioxins formed in the exhaust gases. The highest levels of PCDF isomers obtained were Cl3-CDF from the sample with NaCl+CuCl2 (14.8 ng/g), Cl2-CDF from the sample with NaCl+MgCl2 (12.3 ng/g), and Cl(1)-CDF from samples with NaCl+MnCl2 (12.6 ng/g), with NaCl+FeCl3 (11.8 ng/g), and with NaCl+NiCl2 (13.3 ng/g), and with NaCl+CoCl2 (8.62 ng/g). The total of Cl4-8-CDDs comprised 76-88% of the total Cl1-8-CDDs. In particular, Cl7-CDDs had the highest levels except for the sample with NaCl+NiCl2. Total dioxins formed from samples of electric wire coated with PVC and PVC alone were 38.3 ng/g and 112 ng/g, respectively, suggesting that the presence of copper reduced dioxin formation. 相似文献
75.
Takafumi Fujita Takayuki Kawano Liwei Huang Yoshihiro Kojima Hitoki Matsuda Koichi Ushiroebisu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):15-20
To control the emission of halides into the environment, an experiment on the nonthermal plasma decomposition of the halides
CF4, CHF3, C2HCl3, and CHClF2 was conducted in a wire-in-tube corona reactor. It was found that the decomposition of C2HCl3 and CHClF2 was easy compared with the decomposition of CF4 and CHF3. With the addition of H2 in N2 gas, the decomposition ratio of CF4, C2HCl3, and CHClF2 increased. In contrast, the decomposition ratio of CHF3 in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere was lower than that in an N2 atmosphere. It was demonstrated that the yields of HF and/or HCl formed during halide decomposition clearly increased in
the presence of H2 in N2 gas. Furthermore, in order to prevent the production of unwanted products from halide decomposition, a combination of plasma
decomposition and in situ alkaline absorption was devised by coating a layer of Ca(OH)2 onto the surface of the grounding electrode. It was demonstrated that the Ca(OH)2 sorbent played an effective role as a scavenger, participating in halide decomposition by capturing reaction products such
as HCl and HF, therefore resulting in increased halide decomposition. 相似文献
76.
Tsutomu Nishihara Kazuhito Watabe Tomio Ichikawa Masaomi Kondo Masami Fujii 《Chemosphere》1985,14(8):1133-1141
Heavy metal (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Mn) contents of the samples from 10 males were followed throughout a year. The values were characteristic of the individuals, and some correlationships between the contents of different metals were shown. 相似文献
77.
HIKARI Shimader KUNDAN Lal Shresth AKIRA Kondo AKIKAZU Kag YOSHIO Inoue 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(7):838-845
In this study,fog simulations were conducted using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) in and around the Yodo River Basin,Japan.The purpose is to investigate the MM5 performance of fog simulation for long-term periods.The simulations were performed for January,February,March,and July,2005 with a coarse 3-kin and a nested fine 1-km grid domains. Results of the simulations were compared with data from ten meteorological observatories,fog sampling site in Mt.Rokko,and visibility measu... 相似文献
78.
Deepak Pudasainee Balkrishna Sapkota Manohar Lal Shrestha Akikazu Kaga Akira Kondo Yoshio Inoue 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):8081-8087
This paper summarizes the results of a yearlong continuous measurements of gaseous pollutants, NO, NO2, NOx and O3 in the ambient air at Kathmandu valley. Measured concentration of the pollutants in study area is a function of time. NO, NO2 and O3 peak occurred in succession in presence of sunlight. At the time of maximum O3 concentration most of the NOx are utilized. The diurnal cycle of ground level ozone concentrations, revealed mid-day peak with lower nocturnal concentrations and inverse relationship exists between O3 and NOx, which are evidences of photochemical O3 formation. The observed ground level ozone during monsoon is slight lower than the pre-monsoon value. Further, lack of rainfall and higher temperature, solar radiation in the pre-monsoon have given rise to the gradual build up of ozone and it is lowest during winter. Ground level ozone concentrations measured during bandha (general strike) and weekend are 19% and 13% higher than those measured during weekdays. The most effective ozone abatement strategy for Kathmandu Valley may be control of NOx emissions. 相似文献
79.
Effect of ultraviolet-absorbing vinyl film on organophosphorus insecticides dichlorvos and fenitrothion residues in spinach 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Amano S Katami T Shibamoto T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2002,37(4):291-296
Dichlorvos and fenitrothion residues found in spinach grown in greenhouse covered either by regular vinyl film or UV-absorbing vinyl film (UV-A) were analyzed by gas chromatography. After one day, dichlorvos residues in spinach covered with regular vinyl film and UV-A degraded by 97% and 80%, respectively, and degraded 100% after three days covered with regular vinyl film and six days covered with UV-A. After three days, fenitrothion residue in spinach covered with regular vinyl film degraded by 72% and then by 97% after six days; residue in spinach covered with UV-A degraded by 50% after three days and by 95% after six days. These results indicate that UV-A used to prevent the occurrence of insects and fungi in greenhouses reduced the degradation rates of dichlorvos and fenitrothion. 相似文献
80.
Kazuyoshi Matsunaga Motoichi Kondo Shinichi Yamabe Tadashige Mori 《Chemosphere》1993,27(12):2317-2324
PCBs were rapidly degraded by hydroxy radicals formed in the biomimetic degradation systems of superoxide, ferric chloride, and hydrogen peroxide at high concentrations below 100°C. The degradation rates of Kanechlor KC 300, KC 400, KC 500 and KC 600 were 95.4%, 89.1%, 59.9% and 47.9%, respectively. The generation of carbon dioxide gas was recognized and chloride ion showed 89.9 – 102.7% of the theoretical yield in the degradation of KC 300, KC 400 and KC 500. 相似文献