二溴醛干燥窑尾气治理方法研究

二溴醛干燥窑尾气污染主要是恶臭污染，本文着重叙述了净化的方法研究，结果表明，采用二级处理方式．能有效地除去固态污染物及恶臭污染．     

Tracking Cryptosporidium in urban wastewater treatment plants in a cold region: Occurrence,species and infectivity

• Cryptosporidium in WWTPs in a cold region was investigated in different seasons. • The overall removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium in WWTPs was over 84%. • The infectivity rate declined below 53% in effluents mainly due to disinfection. • The infectivity of Cryptosporidium increased with a seasonal drop in temperature. • Low temperature promotes binding protein retention and virulence genes expression. This study investigated the occurrence, species, infectivity and removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium spp. across typical wastewater treatment train. Samples from different process units were collected seasonally and synchronously from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Northeastern China. Live Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in most samples from both influent (97.50%) and effluent (90.00%) wastewaters of the four WWTPs, at an average density of 26.34 and 4.15 oocysts/L, respectively. The overall removal efficiency was 84.25%, and oocysts were mainly removed (62.01%) by the modified secondary sedimentation process. Ten Cryptosporidium species were identified in the effluent samples. C. andersoni, C. bovis, and C. ryanae were the three most prevalent species. Oocyst viability assays indicated no reduction of excystation rate during the primary and secondary wastewater treatments (varied in the range of 63.08%–68.50%), but the excystation rate declined to 52.21% in the effluent after disinfection. Notably, the Cryptosporidium oocysts showed higher infection intensity in the cold season (winter and spring) than that in summer and autumn. The influences of environmental temperature on virulence factors of Cryptosporidium were further examined. It was observed that more extracellular secretory proteins were bound on the oocyst surface and several virulence genes were expressed relatively strongly at low temperatures, both of which could facilitate oocyst adhesion, invasion, and host immune evasion. This research is of considerable interest since it serves as an important step towards more accurate panoramic recognition of Cryptosporidium risk reduction in WWTPs, and especially highlights the potential health risk associated with Cryptosporidium in cold regions/seasons.     

河南省鹤壁市淇河流域（淇县段）农业非点源污染状况调查及评价研究

为了解淇县淇河流域农业非点源污染状况,采用资料搜集为主,现场监测补缺、核实为辅的方法,对淇县农业面源污染进行了调查。选取2013年淇县下辖的各乡镇各污染源排放的COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷为评价指标,用等标污染负荷法分区域、分来源进行了污染负荷评价。结果表明：淇县等标污染负荷总计42051.61×106 m3/a,其中,西岗镇最高,等标污染负荷为8189.42×106 m3/a,灵山办事处最低,等标污染负荷为987．98×106 m3/a;畜禽养殖业源等标污染负荷最高,为36384.95×106 m3/a,其次是种植业源,等标污染负荷为3023.92×106 m3/a。污染负荷比中总磷污染负荷比最高占61%,其次是总氮占27%。     

南太行山山前平原地下水和地表水氢氧同位素组成及环境意义

借助氢氧同位素和水化学方法对南太行山山前平原地下水补给运移规律进行研究,阐明人类活动对地下水的影响过程。研究结果表明:(1)区内不同水体δD、δ~(18)O、氘盈余值(d-excess)和氚同位素(T)值差异明显,深层地下水均值分别为-74.0‰、-9.4‰、1.5‰和8.73TU,浅层地下水均值分别为-72.1‰、-8.8‰、-1.9‰和17.46TU,河水均值分别为-71.3‰、-8.9‰、-0.4‰和18.60TU,工业废水均值分别为-68.3‰、-7.2‰、-10.7‰和21.11TU;(2)补给区深层地下水δD、δ~(18)O和d-excess年均值分别为-68.08‰、-9.24‰和5.84‰,径流区深层地下水δD、δ~(18)O和d-excess年均值分别为-62.30‰、-8.50‰和5.66‰,排泄区深层地下水δD、δ~(18)O和d-excess年均值分别为-75.14‰、-10.26‰和6.94‰;(3)深层地下水补给源包括大气降水和河水,受污染河水通过断层导水裂隙带补给深层地下水。浅层地下水补给源包括大气降水和河水,受污染河水通过河流侧渗方式补给浅层地下水;(4)受河水影响的深层地下水氘盈余值变低,T含量升高,因此结合氘盈余值与T含量可以很好地识别区内深层地下水污染过程。     

Combined effects of hypoxia and ammonia to Daphnia similis estimated with life-history traits

The degradation of cyanobacterial blooms often causes hypoxia and elevated concentrations of ammonia, which can aggravate the adverse effects of blooms on aquatic organisms. However, it is not clear how one stressor would work in the presence of other coexistent stressors. We studied the toxic effects of elevated ammonia under hypoxia using a common yet important cladoceran species Daphnia similis isolated from heavily eutrophicated Lake Taihu. A 3?×?2 factorial experimental design was conducted with animals exposed to three un-ionized ammonia levels under two dissolved oxygen levels. Experiments lasted for 14 days and we recorded the life-history traits such as survival, molt, maturation, and fecundity. Results showed that hypoxia significantly decreased survival time and the number of molts of D. similis, whereas ammonia had no effect on them. Elevated ammonia significantly delayed development to maturity in tested animals and decreased their body sizes at maturity. Both ammonia and hypoxia were significantly detrimental to the number of broods, the number of offspring per female, and the number of total offspring per female, and significantly synergistic interactions were detected. Our data clearly demonstrate that elevated ammonia and hypoxia derived from cyanobacterial blooms synergistically affect the cladoceran D. similis.     

基于正交设计的边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析

边坡的稳定性受多种因素的影响,应用正交设计对影响边坡的多因素进行了敏感性分析。首先对正交设计原理及用于结果分析的极差法和方差法进行了简单介绍,然后结合工程实例,说明了正交设计在边坡敏感性分析中的应用,最后用极差法和方差法对其结果进行分析,得出影响边坡的参数中,敏感性由大到小依次为:地震加速度α,粘聚力c,内摩擦角φ,库水位变化H,容重γ;其中地震加速度α,粘聚力c,内摩擦角φ是对该边坡影响最显著的因素。因此,在边坡治理时应注意地震和降雨对其稳定性产生的不利影响。     

Comment: Closing phosphorus cycle from natural waters: re-capturing phosphorus through an integrated water-energy-food strategy

正Phosphorus(P)reserve,largely derived from phosphate rock,is essential for crop growth to support the growing world population.However,a significant proportion of phosphorus used as a fertilizer runs into natural waters,causing eutrophication and ecological damage.Moreover,most P in the food is eventually discharged as waste after being digested by human and animals.Thus,industrial activities have created a     

主成分分析法优化治理黑臭水体的碳素纤维铺设密度

在治理黑臭水体的碳素纤维铺设密度优化研究中,借助统计学软件(SIMCA-P),以4个指标(COD、TP、NH3-N、TN)作为分析变量,探讨了单指标优化法与主成分分析法分析样本数据的差别。结果表明:单指标优化法可以确定4个指标各自的最优铺设密度,而主成分分析法能综合4个指标的信息进行分析,并优选出碳素纤维的最优铺设密度为40 cm2/L,为碳素纤维的综合运用提供参考依据。     

Origin and assessment of groundwater pollution and associated health risk: a case study in an industrial park,northwest China

Groundwater quality which relates closely to human health has become as important as its quantity due to the demand for safe water. In the present study, an entropy-weighted fuzzy water quality index (WQI) has been proposed for performing groundwater quality assessment in and around an industrial park, northwest China, where domestic water requirements are solely met by groundwater. The human health risk was assessed with the model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, the sources of major ions and main contaminants were also analyzed. The study shows that groundwater in the study area has been contaminated conjunctively by natural processes and industrial and agricultural activities. Nitrate, manganese (Mn), fluoride, total dissolved solids, total hardness and sulfate are major contaminants influencing groundwater quality. Nitrate and heavy metals such as Mn are mainly affected by human agricultural activities and industrial production, while other contaminants are mainly originated from mineral weathering and water–rock interactions. The results of water quality assessment suggest that half of the groundwater samples collected are of medium quality thus require pretreatment before human consumption. The mean health risk caused by the consumption of contaminated groundwater in the area is 8.42 × 10^?5 per year which surpasses the maximum acceptable level (5 × 10^?5 per year) recommended by the International Commission on Radiologic Protection. The entropy-weighted fuzzy WQI proposed in this study can not only assign proper weights to parameters but also treat uncertainties associated with water quality classification. This study will be of interest to international environmentalists and hydrogeologists. It will also be useful in regional groundwater management and protection.     

微波加热技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用

论述了含酚废水、染料废水、制药废水及工业氨氮废水的特点并对微波加热技术在该类废水中的应用现状进行了深入的分析,总结了微波加热技术在含酚废水、染料废水、制药废水及工业氨氮废水处理中的应用优势,展望了微波加热技术在废水处理中的应用前景.