实时控制SBR系统中的短程硝化反硝化

以人工模拟高氨氮废水为研究对象,采用循环间歇式曝气方式,以溶解氧浓度(DO)和pH值为过程控制参数,对SBR系统进行实时控制、全程跟踪.根据此过程中COD、NH4 -N、NO2--N和NO3--N 4项水质指标的变化情况,研究SBR系统中的短程硝化反硝化工艺.实验结果表明,在短程硝化反硝化工艺中,采用较高曝气量,并且在曝气过程中用DO和pH值作为过程控制参数是可行的.     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中的PH_3

通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,研究了改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中PH3的相关问题。得到了吸附反应的最佳吸附温度、氧含量、气体流量、改性液浓度、活性炭粒径和焙烧温度。再生方法可行,可通过再生液回收磷酸。热重差热分析和孔径分布初步证明吸附质为磷和磷氧化物。     

猪场废弃物强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的试验研究

通过组织5个猪场废弃物堆肥试验，度量温度、表观性状、体积、重量损失、全氮、全磷、大肠杆菌值、蛔虫卵杀灭率和发芽指数等指标，检验了开发的强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的性能。结果表明，除起始含水率为80％试验堆体因起始含水率过高导致发生厌氧反应外，其余4个堆体均实现堆肥无害化、减量化、稳定化和资源化的处理目标；堆肥温度维持50℃以上5—7d，或55℃以上3d是大肠杆菌值达到国家粪便无害化卫生标准的必要条件；堆肥过程能有效脱除堆料的生物毒性，后腐熟阶段是必需阶段；氮、磷、钾等主要营养元素在堆肥前后呈现“浓缩效应”。因此，堆肥化能提高猪场废弃物肥效和利用价值。     

天然水与28种市售饮用水中"三氮"和磷的调查

2004年8月,测定了海水、黄河水、小清河水、雨水、地下水以及17种瓶装矿泉水、9种瓶装纯净水和北京市、青岛市自来水中的"三氮" (NH 4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N) 、无机磷、pH、DO等,发现天然水中NO-3-N过高,水体氮负荷增加,N/P最高达697,雨水pH最低为3.98,部分矿泉水NO-3-N比青岛市自来水还高,北京市自来水的NO-3-N高达8.53 mg/L,为所测饮用水之首.     

Accumulation and remobilization of aqueous chromium(VI) at iron oxide surfaces: Application of a thin-film continuous flow-through reactor

A thin-film continuous flow-through reactor was used to investigate reactions between aqueous Cr(VI) and two iron oxides, geothite and magnetite. Delayed effluent breakthrough of Cr(VI) indicated significant uptake by both oxides. Accumulation and remobilization of Cr(VI) depends on pH and the redox properties of the surface. For geothite the surface was quickly saturated and no further adsorption observed. Chromate anion (CrO₄²⁻) exhibited Langmuir-type adsorption. For magnetite, a significant slow steady-state rate of Cr(VI) uptake was observed. We propose two different mechanisms of chromium uptake: surface complexation of Cr(VI) species on geothite, and reductive precipitation of Cr(VI) at Fe(II) sites on magnetite.     

类-Fenton体系对水中17β-雌二醇的光降解

以250W照明金属卤化物灯为光源研究了水中17β-雌二醇（E2）在类-Fenton体系中的光降解。结果表明，Fe（Ⅲ）／H2O2体系能有效地光降解E2。pH3～6范围内，E2光降解率及反应初始速率随酸度的增大而增大；H2O2初始浓度越大，E2降解率及反应初始速率越大；E2初始浓度越低，E2降解率越高，反应初始速率越低。     

表面流人工湿地硝化和反硝化强度研究

通过对表面流人工湿地不同土壤层硝化反硝化强度的研究,探讨了表面流人工湿地脱氮过程中沿程硝化和反硝化作用的变化,以及不同C∶N对系统反硝化强度的影响.研究结果表明,系统可同时进行硝化和反硝化作用,硝化强度具有较明显的分层现象,表层土壤高于深层土壤.系统中沿程硝化强度呈递减趋势,硝化强度反映了氨氮去除率的大小,其去除率为68%.反硝化强度研究结果表明:深层土壤的反硝化强度略高于表层土壤;沿程1/3至1/2段最大;5倍碳源时反硝化强度最高,3倍碳源次之,不加碳源最低;但系统的反硝化强度普遍较高,保持了良好的脱氮效果.     

控制大气颗粒物的经济效应预测研究

大气颗粒物仍然是全球大气污染的主要影响因子.许多研究表明,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度上升与疾病的死亡率、发病率关系密切,由此对经济产生直接或间接的影响.以香港为研究对象,通过流行病学研究和对健康影响评估,来预测和评价10年期效的减排措施获得的价值.结果显示,减排措施达到清洁空气的目标后,社会可以获得7.6亿至43.3亿港元的间接潜在收益.     

猪场废弃物强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的试验研究

通过组织5个猪场废弃物堆肥试验,度量温度、表观性状、体积、重量损失、全氮、全磷、大肠杆菌值、蛔虫卵杀灭率和发芽指数等指标,检验了开发的强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的性能.结果表明,除起始含水率为80%试验堆体因起始含水率过高导致发生厌氧反应外,其余4个堆体均实现堆肥无害化、减量化、稳定化和资源化的处理目标;堆肥温度维持50℃以上5～7 d,或55℃以上3 d是大肠杆菌值达到国家粪便无害化卫生标准的必要条件;堆肥过程能有效脱除堆料的生物毒性,后腐熟阶段是必需阶段;氮、磷、钾等主要营养元素在堆肥前后呈现"浓缩效应".因此,堆肥化能提高猪场废弃物肥效和利用价值.     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.