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31.
明胶生产产业在废水处理工艺中产生大量剩余高钙污泥,采用该剩余污泥作为燃煤固硫剂,在高温管式电阻炉内进行燃烧实验,通过测定燃烧前和燃烧后样品中的硫含量确定该剩余污泥的固硫效果。通过单因素研究煤粉粒径、剩余污泥粒径和剩余污泥/煤样%等影响因素对固硫率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上通过正交设计法优选达到较高固硫率的实验条件。实验结果表明:影响固硫率的因素从大到小依次为燃烧温度>剩余污泥/煤样%>煤粉粒径>剩余污泥粒径。以剩余污泥作为固硫剂,固硫率最高的实验条件为:燃烧温度800℃,剩余污泥/煤样为3%,煤粉粒径6090目,剩余污泥粒径9090目,剩余污泥粒径90120目。并且,当温度达到1150℃,煤粉粒径90120目。并且,当温度达到1150℃,煤粉粒径90120目,剩余污泥粒径为60120目,剩余污泥粒径为6090目,污泥/煤样(质量比)为3%时,固硫率可达62.78%,说明在高温下该剩余污泥保持较高的固硫率。将明胶厂剩余污泥作为固硫剂是较为合适的再利用方法,可有效缓解当前该污泥大量堆积污染环境的状况。 相似文献
32.
实验生态条件下采用半静态急性毒性实验的方法,比较研究了96 h内不同浓度Cd2+和Pb2+对菲律宾蛤仔(Rudi-tapes philippinarum)的急性毒性效应,分析了不同配比的两种重金属离子的复合作用对目标生物的影响。结果表明:(1)在单一污染物胁迫条件下,Cd2+、Pb2+对菲律宾蛤仔的96 h半数致死浓度LC50分别为4.740 mg/L和31.116 mg/L,其对应的安全质量浓度分别为0.677 mg/L、1.844 mg/L。Cd2+的毒性效应更强。(2)Cd2+和Pb2+的复合毒性效应表明:在所设定的不同浓度配比条件和实验时间下,Cd2+、Pb2+对目标生物均表现出明显的协同作用。 相似文献
33.
Mingsong Wu Junli Huang Yuling Zhang Shijie You Shaofeng Li Zhilin Ran Yu Tian 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2012,6(1):75-81
Microcystins, which represents one kind of cancerogenic organic compounds, is abundant in eutrophication water. The effects
of reaction factors on chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for removal of low-concentration Microcystin-LR, Microcystin-RR, and Microcystin-YR in water as well as the reaction mechanisms
was investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The results showed that MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR could be efficiently decomposed by ClO2. The degradation efficiency was shown positively correlated to the concentration of ClO2 and reaction time; while the effect of reaction temperature and pH is slight. The kinetic constants and activation energies
of the reaction of MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR with ClO2 are determined as 459.89, 583.15, 488.43 L·(mol·min)−1 and 64.78, 53.01, 59.15 kJ·mol−1, respectively. As indicated by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) analysis, degradation should
be accomplished via destruction of Adda group by oxidation, with the formation of dihydroxy substituendums as end products.
This study has provided a fundamental demonstration of ClO2 serving as oxidizing disinfectant to eliminate microcystins from raw water source. 相似文献
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35.
根据国家环境保护部办公厅文件要求,需要对火电企业脱硫旁路挡板实施铅封。石灰石一石膏湿法脱硫工艺具有脱硫效果好、技术成熟等优点,在目前国内的燃煤发电机组中广为应用。旁路挡板作为连接主机与脱硫系统的关键设备,其正常投用不仅是脱硫系统能否正常投运的关键,更关系到脱硫系统本身甚至发电机组的安全。通过对旁路挡板联锁保护逻辑的分析.提出了实施旁路挡板铅封措施后旁路挡板的联锁保护措施的更改建议,使更改后的联锁保护逻辑更为完善。 相似文献
36.
37.
Xiuying Zhao Xinming Wang Xiang Ding Quanfu He Zhou Zhang Tengyu Liu Xiaoxin Fu Bo Gao Yunpeng Wang Yanli Zhang Xuejiao Deng Dui Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):110-121
Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary. 相似文献
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39.
糖蜜是糖厂榨糖后的副产品,含有可发酵性的糖45%∽52%,是直接用于发酵生产酒精的较好的原料.文章以广西某糖蜜酒精厂为例,在调查了解酒精厂生产工艺与装备、资源能源利用指标、污染物产生指标、废物回收利用率和环境管理要求等五个方面的基础上,认真细致分析环境保护竣工验收监测数据及生产报表数据,按照(HJ 581-2010)《清洁生产标准酒精制造业》(国家环境保护部)的要求对酒精厂清洁生产水平进行评价,并根据评价结果提出进一步提高清洁生产水平的建议和要求. 相似文献
40.
江汉平原典型土壤环境中有机磷农药的分布特征及影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究江汉平原土壤中有机磷农药(OPPs)的分布特征,项目组于2015年9月在地下水监测场所在区域,采集了78个剖面土和7个表层土土样,通过气相色谱-氮磷检测器(GC-NPD)分析OPPs的含量,研究江汉平原土壤中OPPs的分布特征.结果表明,研究区土壤普遍存在OPPs,其中地表土中OPPs的含量范围为89.80~193.85 ng·g-1,平均值为140.05 ng·g-1;剖面土中OPPs的整体含量范围为19.81~138.28 ng·g-1,平均值为40.99 ng·g-1.地表土和剖面土中OPPs主要检出成分均为甲胺磷、氧化乐果、二嗪农和喹硫磷等,并且根据美国土壤农药残留限量标准,研究区土壤中10种OPPs的残留量已对农产品的安全构成威胁.研究区剖面土中∑OPPs分布为:水平方向,沿河农田剖面土 > 沿河非农田剖面土 > 中部农田剖面土,即:GS1-1 > GS4 > GS2 > GS3;垂直方向,大部分剖面土随着深度的增加整体上呈先减小后增大的趋势;研究区土壤中OPPs的分布受多种因素的影响:农业生产过程中施用OPPs的量、土壤对OPPs的吸附、解吸附作用、地下水的垂直运动、研究区的地形环境、土壤有机质的含量等. 相似文献