城镇污水处理厂进、出水COD浓度变化规律分析

通过对某城镇污水处理厂进出水COD浓度进行手工与在线仪器24小时的对比监测,利用该厂在线监测数据,分析了城镇污水处理厂进出水COD浓度的日、周变化规律以及进水浓度与降水量的变化关系,明确了样品的代表性,为COD总量减排和环境管理提供了技术参考。     

安全价值观契合对矿工安全行为的影响:一个链式中介模型

为探索个人-组织安全价值观契合对矿工安全行为的影响机制,通过理论分析和文献研究提出研究假设模型;编制测量问卷,采用方便抽样法对640名矿工进行问卷调查;通过结构方程建模分析验证假设模型。结果表明:个人-组织安全价值观契合、安全自我效能感、工作投入和安全行为两两之间显著正相关;个人-组织安全价值观契合不仅直接影响矿工的安全行为,还通过安全自我效能感和工作投入间接影响矿工的安全行为;安全自我效能感和工作投入在个人-组织安全价值观契合与矿工安全行为之间起链式中介作用。因而不仅要重视个人-组织安全价值观契合,还应重视安全自我效能感和工作投入的积极影响。     

红树林湿地中好氧-厌氧反硝化菌脱氮特性及其种群结构分析

随着沿岸水体氮素富营养化的加剧,生物脱氮作用越来越受重视,位于海陆交界的湿地红树林生态系统作为一个自然脱氮体系备受关注.本研究以典型亚热带湿地红树林(香港Mai Po)作为对象,结合传统的富集筛选和分子生物学方法--建立nosZ基因克隆文库和RFLP分析技术对红树林沉积物中反硝化细菌脱氮能力、种群结构和丰度进行研究.从Mai Po红树林沉积物中共筛选到12株好氧反硝化菌和8株厌氧反硝化菌,其中好氧反硝化菌包括Pseudomonas(4株)、Comamonas(2株)和Acinetobacter(2株)等7个菌属,厌氧反硝化菌属于Pseudomonas、Agrobacterium和Uncultured Betaproteobacteria bacterium(2株)等7个菌属.筛选到的好氧和厌氧反硝化菌均具有较高的脱氮能力,大部分在2d内NO3--N去除率达到98%以上.建立Mai Po红树林湿地反硝化细菌的nosZ基因克隆文库的结果表明,反硝化细菌的50个克隆子中有26个克隆子分属于11个未知类群,其余克隆子属于Pennisetum类群(26%),β-proteobacterium类群(10%),Entandrophragma类群(4%),Pseudomonas类群(4%)和denitrifying bacterium类群(4%).可见Mai Po红树林中反硝化细菌具有很高的生物多样性.     

Impact of waste of COVID-19 protective equipment on the environment,animals and human health: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, protective equipment, such as masks, gloves and shields, has become mandatory to prevent person-to-person...     

Degradation of sulfadiazine by UV/Oxone: roles of reactive oxidative species and the formation of disinfection byproducts

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is a typical persistent sulfonamide antibiotic, which has been widely detected in natural drinking water sources. The degradation...     

Using crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane as a separator in the microbial fuel cell

Separator between anode and cathode is an essential part of the microbial fuel cell （MFC） and its property could significantly influence the system perfor- mance. In this study we used polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） polymer membrane crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid （SSA） as a new separator for the MFC. The highest power density of 7594-4 mW-m-2 was obtained when MFC using the PVA membrane crosslinked with 15% of SSA due to its desirable proton conductivity （5.16 x 10-2 S.cml）. The power density significantly increased to 11064- 30 mW.m-2 with a separator-electrode-assembly config- uration, which was comparable with glass fiber （11704- 46 mW.m-2）. The coulombic efficiencies of the MFCs with crosslinked PVA membranes ranged from 36.3% to 45.7% at a fix external resistance of lO00f2. The crosslinked PVA membrane could be a promising alter- native to separator materials for constructing practical MFC system.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中8种磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定蔬菜中8种磺胺类抗生素(SAs)的分析方法.以10 mL乙腈(添加2 g无水硫酸钠、0.1 g乙酸钠、0.1 g Na2EDTA)进行提取,HLB柱净化富集.采用RESTEKPinnacleⅡC18色谱柱,以水(含0.1%甲酸)和乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)为初始流动相进行梯度洗脱.在电喷雾-多反应检测离子模式下,进行定性定量分析.SMZ的方法定量限为0.2μg·kg-1,其它7种化合物的定量限均为0.1μg·kg-1.不同加标浓度(5—100μg·kg-1)下8种SAs的回收率大部分约在70%以上,相对标准偏差(RSD)多数小于10%,表明该方法能够满足实际样品的分析要求.利用该方法对某无公害蔬菜基地进行分析,蔬菜中检出3种以上磺胺类抗生素,含量在0.20—17.43μg·kg-1(干重)之间,总含量在2.42—27.60μg·kg-1之间.     

污染水体中鱼体内三聚氰胺的累积及其在清洁水体中的消除

以吉富罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）为受试动物,在室内用水族箱进行模拟养殖试验,设定污染水体中三聚氰胺初始浓度为0.2 g·L-1,考察罗非鱼在其中饲养1周期间体内三聚氰胺的累积情况。再将鱼转移至不含三聚氰胺的清洁水体中饲养1周,考察鱼体内三聚氰胺在其中的消除情况。结果表明,三聚氰胺能在鱼体内迅速富集,鱼肉及内脏中三聚氰胺的含量均与鱼在污染水体中暴露的时间成正相关。其中,鱼肉中三聚氰胺的浓度几乎成线性增大,拟合所得方程为y=5.598 8x＋12.897,相关系数为0.995 9。内脏对三聚氰胺的富集速率先快后慢,且其中三聚氰胺的浓度为鱼肉的2~3倍。在试验后期,鱼肉及内脏中三聚氰胺的浓度分别高达51.55 mg·kg-1和93.89 mg·kg-1,此时罗非鱼表现出明显的中毒迹象。将罗非鱼转移至清洁水体中养殖后,鱼肉及内脏中三聚氰胺的残留量均迅速下降,尤其是后者的消除速度甚快,一周后两者的浓度分别降至0.13 mg·kg-1和0.21 mg·kg-1。此时,罗非鱼中毒症状逐渐消失,活动趋向正常。     

贵州西部4种林型土壤有机碳及其剖面分布特征

在气候变化背景下,森林土壤碳库已成为全球碳循环研究重点之一。以贵州西部桦木（Betula luminifera H.Wilk.）、柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr.）、华山松（Pinus armandii Franch.）和杉木（Cunninghamia lanceilata（Lamb.）Hook.）4种主要森林类型为对象,对其土壤有机碳、碳密度及其垂直分配特征等进行了研究。结果表明：4种林型土壤有机碳含量和碳密度均表现为华山松林（51.09 g.kg-1,30.56 kg.m-2）〉杉木林（39.47 g.kg-1,22.97 kg.m-2）〉柳杉林（37.49g.kg-1,21.00 kg.m-2）〉桦木林（36.31 g.kg-1,20.13 kg.m-2）,华山松林土壤有机碳含量和碳密度显著大于其它三种林型,而另外三种林型间差异不明显;4种林型土壤有机碳含量和碳密度均随土层深度增加而逐渐降低,土壤有机碳含量均为0-10 cm最大,分别是剖面均值的1.45-1.61倍,而0-20 cm层土壤碳密度占整个土壤剖面的32.69%-38.08%,显著高于其他各层,大于20 cm的土层中,各层间的变化较小,土壤碳密度具有一定程度的表聚性;4种林型土壤有机碳含量与土壤pH均表现极强的负相关,与土壤全N和碱解N均表现极强的正相关,与全P、速效P、全K、速效K和阳离子交换量的相关性不尽一致,建立的方程具有较高的回归精度,土壤N和P状况对4种林型土壤有机碳含量有重要影响。     

Effects of Al3+ on pollutant removal and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under anaerobic,anoxic and oxic conditions

The highest removal efficiencies of COD and TN were achieved under 10 mg/L of Al³⁺. The highest TP removal efficiency occurred under 30 mg/L of Al³⁺. EPS, PS and PN concentrations increased with the addition of Al³⁺. Sludge properties significantly changed with the addition of Al³⁺. Aluminum ions produced by aluminum mining, electrolytic industry and aluminum-based coagulants can enter wastewater treatment plants and interact with activated sludge. They can subsequently contribute to the removal of suspended solids and affect activated sludge flocculation, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In this study, the effects of Al³⁺ on pollutant removal, sludge flocculation and the composition and structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were investigated under anaerobic, anoxic and oxic conditions. Results demonstrated that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were detected for an Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L. In addition, the maximal dehydrogenase activity and sludge flocculation were also observed at this level of Al³⁺. The highest removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) was achieved at an Al³⁺ concentration of 30 mg/L. The flocculability of sludge in the anoxic zone was consistently higher than that in the anaerobic and oxic zones. The addition of Al³⁺ promoted the secretion of EPS. Tryptophan-like fluorescence peaks were detected in each EPS layer in the absence of Al³⁺. At the Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L, fulvic acid and tryptophan fluorescence peaks began to appear, while the majority of protein species and the highest microbial activity were also detected. Low Al³⁺ concentrations (<10 mg/L) could promote the removal efficiencies of COD and TN, yet excessive Al³⁺ levels (>10 mg/L) weakened microbial activity. Higher Al³⁺ concentrations (>30 mg/L) also inhibited the release of phosphorus in the anaerobic zone by reacting with PO₄^3-.