废水中微量残留炸药奥克托今、黑索今测定方法的研究

含有奥克托今、黑索今的废水会对人体、动物、水生生物产生毒害作用。笔者针对含有奥克托今、黑索今的废水 ,研究了采用分光光度法同时测定废水中微量奥克托今、黑索今的原理、方法和显色反应的适宜条件。该方法不需要吸收曲线交点和等吸收点 ,具有较好的回归稳定性。采用该方法进行废水的环境监测 ,对环境治理、水质安全评价和水生生态进行综合的管理和保护将会发挥其重要作用。     

从可持续发展理论出发论温室效应与气候变暖

温室效应与气候变暖是深刻影响人类社会发展、人类生存而亟待解决的首要环境问题。在广泛调研的的基础上,从生态可持续发展角度对其进行了阐述。介绍了生态可持续发展理论、环境污染问题的严重性与全球性、近30年的地球异常气候而产生的各种恶性自然灾害、温室效应的产生和发展趋势及温室效应的防治对策。指出温室效应的防治要以生态可持续发展为着眼点,开发利用无污染能源,保护森林、增加植被,研究温室气体回收技术及不产生温室效应的原材料。     

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAIN AGROMETEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS AND THEIR MITIGATION COUNTERMEASURES IN CHINA

Chinaisagreatagriculturalcountry .Ithasagreatpopulation ,andalsoalargedemandongrain .Agricultureistheimportantfoundationofnationaleconomy .Foralongperiodoftime ,Chinahasinsistedonbaseofagriculture ,andreformedtheruralproductiverelations ,continuouslyimprovedthebasicproductionconditionsofagriculture ,fastenedtheprogressofagriculturalscienceandtechnol ogy ,increasedtheagriculturalinput,hadtheagriculturegainednoticeableachievements.Ithasfedthepopulationthattakesthe 2 2 %ofworld’spopulationbythe…     

超声光催化降解酸性粒子元青染料的研究

对超声波作用下的纳米TiO2光催化氧化法降角酸性粒子元青染料进行了研究。结果表明，超声波的引入提高了纳米TiO2光催化降解酸性粒子元青染料的降解率；降解率受反应时间、坡声波功率、空气流量的影响；添加少量的H2O2能够明显地提高酸性粒子元青染料的降解率。     

岩爆危险性预测的神经网络模型及应用研究

岩爆是高地应力区岩质隧道开挖施工过程中发生的主要施工地质灾害之一 ,它的发生对隧道施工企业的安全生产构成很大的威胁 ,对岩爆发生可能性及其程度的预测是这类隧道设计、施工及安全生产所面临的重大问题。依据隧道岩爆发生的条件 ,基于国内外隧道工程岩爆实例 ,应用人工神经网络方法 ,建立了岩爆危险性预测的评价模型并应用于实践。     

采用固定化光合细菌应用SBR法处理生活污水的试验研究

本文以序批式活性污泥法为主要工艺,以住宅区生活污水煤在质,研究了以纤维球为载体固定化光合细菌的ＳＢＲ法在污水回用方面的应用。试验结果表明：在微微好氧条件下,在混合液水温为２５－３０℃及１２－１５℃范围内,经８－１０ｈ的好氧反应,可稳定去除原水中的ＣＯＤｃｒ。     

灾害保险赔案数据库的建立及应用--以湖南省溆浦县保险赔案数据库为例

保险公司的赔案资料记录了保险理赔的货币过程,它是进行保险赔付审计分析和保险出险原因分析最可靠的实证材料,作者利用１９８１￣１９９３年湖南省保险公司企业财产险,家庭财产险,货物运输险,种养业险等四个主要保险险种的赔案资料,以行政县,区为基本单元建立了达２３３７６１条记录的灾害保险赔案数据库。以湖南省溆浦县保险公司的赔案数据库为例,对其近１０多年来的保险灾害情况进行了初步分析,为当地保险公司提出了保险     

三江平原露水资源研究

研究了三江平原露日的变化特征,并对沼泽地毛果苔草(Carexlasiocarpa)群落和大豆地中露水的凝结进行了实地观测。结果表明:三江平原露水出现频率较高的季节是夏秋季(6～9月),露水凝结量最多的月份是9月;近12年来,年露日在66～108d,平均为95.42d;7～9月大豆地地面的露水凝结量明显高于沼泽地地面,而5～6、10月低于沼泽地地面;沼泽地中冠层的露水凝结量最多,地面上的露水量略低于顶层,而大豆地中露水凝结量的垂直差异不明显;2003年沼泽地、大豆地单位土地面积上实际凝结的露水量为20.68、19.46mm,分别占同期降雨量的5.05%、4.75%。露水在一定程度上弥补了干季降雨的不足,是影响水量平衡的重要因子。     

A study on "selenium-health" database in China

A database for "Se and health" has been established using DATA-TRIEVE data management system on a VAX-11/780 computer. Over 5000 pieces of information including 300 kinds of samples from 28 provinces in China were stored. The information relates to endemk diseases such as Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, Se-poison disease, cancers, heart disease and so on. The database can be accessed through keywords: samples, province, county, analytical method and the Se-content values can be obtained in tabulated form. The output includes primary statistics of the retrieved data sets. A multi-variable statistic program package featuring in pattern recognition is attached to the system.     

Novel hyperspectral reflectance models for estimating black-soil organic matter in Northeast China

This paper presents a novel method for estimating black-soil organic matter (SOM) in the black-soil zone of northeast China from hyperspectral reflectance models. Traditional black-soil property measurements are relatively slow, but the pressures of agricultural production and environmental protection require a quick method to collect black-soil organic matter content. SOM estimation using soil hyperspectral reflectance models can meet this requirement, based on the spectral characteristics of black-soil in Northeast China. On the basis of the spectral reflectance and its derivatives, hyperspectral models can be built using correlation analysis and multivariable statistical methods. The concepts of curvature and ratio indices are also applied to compare and test the stability and accuracy of data modeling. The results show that the response of black-soil spectral reflectance from 400-1,100 nm to organic matter content is more marked than that from 1,100-2,500 nm. Specifically, the main response range of black-soil organic matter is between 620-810 nm, with a maximal spectral response at 710 nm. By comparing different models, we found that the normalized first derivate model is optimal for estimating SOM content, with a determination coefficient of 0.93 and root mean squared errors (RMSE) of 0.18%.