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141.
利用生物电化学系统处理地表水时,弱电压不但会刺激电活性菌的呼吸作用,而且会引起氧化胁迫导致胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substance,EPS)过量分泌.为确认在地表水处理中弱电压对膜污染和净水效率的影响,本研究设置了外加1.0 V直流电压(记为"BES系统")和无外加电压(记为"CK系统")的两组平行对照生物活性炭-超滤系统.经过50 d的运行,BES系统(36.1 kPa)相比CK系统(19.1 kPa)跨膜压差(Trans Membrane Pressure,TMP)增加更为显著,膜污染更严重.电路电流、电极电势和循环伏安(Cyclic Voltammetry,CV)曲线显示,随着装置运行,两系统生物膜逐渐稳定,并且产生具有氧化还原活性的EPS导致阳极电容增加.相比之下,BES系统产生了更多EPS,具有更高的阳极电容.水质指标显示,BES系统中比紫外吸光度(Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance,SUVA)、NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除增强但总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)去除减弱;三维荧光光谱(Excitation-Emission-Matrix,EEM)和尺寸排阻色谱(Size Exclusion Chromatography,SEC)分析结果表明,BES系统膜池中产生了更多的生物聚合物,但腐殖质类有机物明显减少.活性炭表面EPS含量和腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(Adenosine Triphosphate,ATP)含量的测试结果证实,弱电压刺激了生物膜的生长,同时增加了氧化还原活性EPS的含量.对膜表面累积多糖、蛋白质含量的测试分析进一步揭示了多糖类大分子生物聚合物在膜表面的累积是导致严重膜污染的直接原因.研究可为生物电化学系统在微污染水处理的研究和应用提供新的见解. 相似文献
142.
为揭示利用蚯蚓活动强化甲胺磷降解的可行性,采用了微宇宙培养方法,通过有蚯蚓和无蚯蚓的对比实验,考察了乙草胺和铜分别与甲胺磷共存条件下污染黑土中甲胺磷降解过程的动态变化.结果表明,无论是否加入蚯蚓,甲胺磷单一污染的土壤中甲胺磷的降解符合一级反应动力学规律;蚯蚓活动能促进甲胺磷降解过程的进行.土壤中乙草胺或铜与甲胺磷共存时,均明显地干扰了甲胺磷降解过程随时间的动态变化;根据化学结构分析,推测两者对甲胺磷降解规律的影响机制可能类似.铜与甲胺磷复合污染的土壤中甲胺磷含量明显高于乙草胺与甲胺磷复合组,说明铜较乙草胺对土壤甲胺磷降解过程的延缓作用更强. 相似文献
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从三峡库区次级河流大宁河、小江、汤溪河及梅溪河139m回水区中段采集水样,经实验室培养后,用丙酮萃取分光光度法和Aquafluor藻细胞活体分析法测定Chla浓度.通过对Chla萃取值(y)和活体值(x)进行回归分析,得到其回归方程为y=4.15x 2.48,t检验显示回归方程具有线性.在库区次级河流139m回水区富营养化监测中,Chla模拟值与萃取值基本吻合,相对误差<±7%,故可以采用Chla模拟值对水体富营养化程度进行评价. 相似文献
146.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides. 相似文献
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Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers. 相似文献
150.