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31.
Khan Yasir Oubaih Hana Elgourrami Fatima Zahra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52885-52899
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present study proposed the relationship among private investment in information and communication technology (ICT), carbon emissions (CO2),... 相似文献
32.
Nabizadeh Ramin Yousefzadeh Samira Yaghmaeian Kamyar Alimohammadi Mahmood Mokhtari Zahra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20437-20448
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Access to healthy drinking water is vital to human health and development. Bottled water consumption has been on the rise in recent years. As several... 相似文献
33.
Naimi Nayera Pilevar Zahra Ranaei Vahid Mahmudiono Trias Fakhri Yadolah Paseban Ali Atamaleki Ali Janghorban Firoozeh Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(36):54013-54024
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in crops can directly/indirectly affect consumers’ health. The contamination of apple as one... 相似文献
34.
Monjezi Zahra Vosough Maryam Salemi Amir 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54781-54791
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - UV filters as an important class of emerging organic pollutants are continuously released into and transported between the aquatic environments. So,... 相似文献
35.
Hassan Taghipour Zahra Amjad Mohamad Asghari Jafarabadi Akbar Gholampour Parviz Nowrouz 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(7):1251-1256
From environmental viewpoint, the most important advantage of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) is reduction of green house gas emissions. But their significant disadvantage is disposal of spent lamps because of containing a few milligrams of toxic metals, especially mercury and lead. For a successful implementation of any waste management plan, availability of sufficient and accurate information on quantities and compositions of the generated waste and current management conditions is a fundamental prerequisite. In this study, CFLs were selected among 20 different brands in Iran. Content of heavy metals including mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and chromium was determined by inductive coupled plasma (ICP). Two cities, Tehran and Tabriz, were selected for assessing the current waste management condition of CFLs. The study found that waste generation amount of CFLs in the country was about 159.80, 183.82 and 153.75 million per year in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Waste generation rate of CFLs in Iran was determined to be 2.05 per person in 2012. The average amount of mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and chromium was 0.417, 2.33, 0.064, 0.056 and 0.012 mg per lamp, respectively. Currently, waste of CFLs is disposed by municipal waste stream in waste landfills. For improving the current conditions, we propose by considering the successful experience of extended producer responsibility (EPR) in other electronic waste management. The EPR program with advanced recycling fee (ARF) is implemented for collecting and then recycling CFLs. For encouraging consumers to take the spent CFLs back at the end of the products’ useful life, a proportion of ARF (for example, 50%) can be refunded. On the other hand, the government and Environmental Protection Agency should support and encourage recycling companies of CFLs both technically and financially in the first place. 相似文献
36.
Eslami Zahra Mahdavi Vahideh Tajdar-oranj Behrouz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):42037-42050
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The validation of an analytical procedure based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach is presented for... 相似文献
37.
To determine the effects of noise exposure on hearts of newborn mice, 48 pregnant mice were exposed to recorded aircraft flight noise (100?dB) for 150?min from the 2nd day of pregnancy to 7th day after delivery. Mice of the same age were selected as control group. The weights and crown-rump lengths of the fetuses and the newborns were measured, and their hearts were removed under deep anesthesia on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days after birth and prepared histologically. Quantitative changes of the hearts were measured stereologically by the Cavalieri method. The ultrastructural changes of cardiac myocytes were examined using transmission electron microscopy. No histological changes were observed, but the volumes of newborns’ hearts in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the control group. Photomicrographs of cardiac muscle cells revealed nuclear envelope changes, chromatin condensation, and increased mitochondria and myofibrils in noise-exposed newborns. It is concluded that the newborns of pregnant mice exposed to noise stress have hypertrophic hearts with ultrastructural changes. 相似文献
38.
Phaedra Henley Julie Hill Myla E. Moretti Zahra Jahedmotlagh Katherine Schoeman Gideon Koren 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(5):814-845
A systematic review was performed to evaluate the association between environmental exposures to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides and the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Searches of EMbase, Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus were performed. Reports were included if they were original human studies whose design included a control group and if the sample size was larger than 10 participants per group. The articles were excluded if the type of diabetes was unknown or Type 1. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and modified Naranjo scores for the effects of environmental contaminants were determined for each study. Of the 35 eligible studies, six were included in the meta-analysis; these focused specifically on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Meta-analysis of these studies showed no significant increased OR for the development of T2D from exposure to TCDD. However, subgroup analysis showed significant elevated OR for the development of T2D if exposure is repeated and accompanied by exposure to other persistent pesticides (OR?=?1.48; 1.10–1.90) but a decreased odds for T2D with exposure resulting from accidental exposure (OR?=?0.46; 0.39–0.52). Our results suggest that there are significant risks of developing T2D in populations with recurring exposures to TCDD in concert with other persistent chlorinated pesticides. A mean Naranjo score of 2.0 was determined for all 35 articles; this score was 2.5 when examining only TCDD studies and 2.1 when examining studies that looked only at T2D. Each of these Naranjo scores suggests a possible association between the prevalence of T2D and exposure to PHAHs or OC pesticides. 相似文献
39.
Zahra Meghani 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(2):125-139
The process of risk assessment of biotechnologies, such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has normative dimensions.
However, the US’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seems committed to the idea that such evaluations are objective. This
essay makes the case that the agency’s regulatory approach should be changed such that the public is involved in deciding
any ethical or social questions that might arise during risk assessment of GMOs. It is argued that, in the US, neither aggregative
nor deliberative (representative) democracy ought to be used to make such determinations. Instead, participatory (deliberative)
democracy should be the means by which members of the polity decide which normative concerns ought to underlie FDA’s assessment
of GMOs. This paper uses a hypothetical case involving a new GM seed to make that argument. 相似文献
40.
Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines with actual and potential application to causal modeling of organizational safety risk, this paper explores issues regarding measurement techniques in a quantitative safety analysis context. The interdependencies of modeling perspectives, constructs, and measures are indentified, leading to (a) characterization and classification of measurement techniques, (b) suggestions on the selection of appropriate measurement methods for different types of model constructs including individual-level, global, configural, and shared, and (c) discussion of the modeling implications of interactions between measurement, constructs, and causal paths. A multi-dimensional perspective is offered through combinations of different “measurement methods” and “measurement bases”. A Bayesian approach is also proposed to operationalize the multi-dimensional measurements. Examples are provided to help explain the roles of these measurements in capturing the relation between organizational factors and safety performance. This paper is a product of research which has the primary purpose of extending Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) modeling frameworks to include the effects of organizational factors as the fundamental causes of accidents and incidents. 相似文献