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91.
Khan Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khattak Jabar Zaman Khan Jamil Muhammad Malook Ijaz Khan Shahid Ullah Jan Mehmood Din Ismail Saud Shah Kamran Muhammad Alharby Hesham Fahad Shah 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23850-23863
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Salinity is a worldwide environmental problem of agricultural lands. Smoke and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) are individually used to improve... 相似文献
92.
Saadia R. Tariq N. Shaheen A. Khalique Munir H. Shah 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,163(1-4):303-312
The short-term responses of H2O2-depletion-related parameters in moss Hypnum plumaeforme to the combined stress induced by Pb and Ni were investigated. The results showed that the Pb and Ni stress induced dose-dependent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The increase of peroxidase (POD) activity and decrease of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were observed under the combined heavy metal application. The antioxidants, ascorbate (AsA) and proline content, increased significantly when the metals were applied together. The study indicated that the cell damage caused by Pb stress was higher than that caused by Ni stress, Pb and Ni had synergistic effect in inducing the oxidative stress in moss H. plumaeforme, especially under the combination of high concentration of Ni (0.1 and 1.0 mM) and Pb. Content of proline, H2O2 and the activity of POD, all showed a dose-dependent increase under Pb and Ni stress, suggesting their practical value as biomarkers in moss biomonitoring, especially in the case of light pollution caused by heavy metals without the changes in the appearance of mosses. 相似文献
93.
Jasmin Shah M. Rasul Jan Farhat-un-nisa Shehzad Behisht Ara 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):253-259
A simple spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of trifluralin in commercial formulation and food samples.
The method was based on the hydrolysis of trifluralin with sodium hydroxide to form 2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline.
The resultant aniline group was diazotized with nitrate in acidic media and the diazotized product was coupled with β-naphthol
to form red colored product having λmax 550 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized for hydrolysis as well as for the diazotization reaction. The Beer’s law was obeyed over the range of 0.2–17 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 1.5 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. The relative standard deviation was found to be 3.6%. A two level factorial design of 23 was used for optimization of all parameters. The influence of different factors and their interactions on the final azo dye
formation were also studied from these factorial designs. The method has been applied successfully for the analysis of commercial
formulations and agricultural samples. The recovery for the determination of trifluralin was found to be in the range 95–97%. 相似文献
94.
Kalim U. Shah George Philippidis Hari Bansha Dulal Gernot Brodnig 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(2):229-253
With increasing concerns about rising energy demand and cost, diminishing oil reserves, and climate change, Central American and Caribbean (CAC) nations have the opportunity to become producers of low-carbon sustainable biofuels for domestic consumption and foreign exchange earnings. While the region has a number of comparative advantages for developing a vibrant biofuels sector, including favorable climate and significant agricultural experience, the experience under the favorable Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) has exposed significant technical and non-technical barriers that must be overcome. Using information compiled through interviews with industry executives, government policy makers and civil society stakeholders, we provide a critical analysis of this experience focusing on non-technical barriers to investment. Survey results suggest that political uncertainty, poor regulatory frameworks, and lack of institutional commitment and business incentives are the main non-technical barriers. Having laid out the challenges, we propose potential policy positions to stimulate growth of the regional biofuels sector. Results point to the need to prioritize enhancing national legislation, developing risk prevention plans, creating supply and demand side incentives and increasing multilateral collaboration. While these findings are derived from the Caribbean Basin experience, they may also be applicable to small economies in other regions that are considering policies for biofuels industry development. 相似文献
95.
96.
Three to four billion pounds of chicken feathers are wasted in the United States annually. These feathers pose an environmental
challenge. In order to find a commercial application of these otherwise wasted feathers, composites have been prepared from
feathers. Flexural, impact resistance, and sound dampening properties of composites from chicken feather fiber (FF) and High
Density Polyethylene/Polypropylene (HDPE/PP) fiber have been investigated and compared with pulverized chicken quill-HDPE/PP,
and jute-HDPE/PP composites. Sound dampening by FF composites was 125% higher than jute and similar to quill although mechanical
properties were inferior to the latter two. In ground form, FF and jute composite properties were similar except for 34% higher
modulus of jute; under the same formulation and processing conditions, ground FF composites had nearly 50% lower mechanical
properties compared with ground quill composites. It was found that voids and density of composites have effect on mechanical
and sound dampening properties; however, no direct relationship was found between mechanical properties and sound dampening. 相似文献
97.
Susan Collet Toru Kidokoro Prakash Karamchandani Tejas Shah Jaegun Jung 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2017,67(8):938-948
The relationship between emission reductions and changes in ozone can be studied using photochemical grid models. These models are updated with new information as it becomes available. The primary objective of this study was to update the previous Collet et al. studies by using the most up-to-date (at the time the study was done) modeling emission tools, inventories, and meteorology available to conduct ozone source attribution and sensitivity studies. Results show future-year, 2030, design values for 8-hr ozone concentrations were lower than base-year values, 2011. The ozone source attribution results for selected cities showed that boundary conditions were the dominant contributors to ozone concentrations at the western U.S. locations, and were important for many of the eastern U.S. locations. Point sources were generally more important in the eastern United States than in the western United States. The contributions of on-road mobile emissions were less than 5 ppb at a majority of the cities selected for analysis. The higher-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) results showed that in most of the locations selected for analysis, NOx emission reductions were more effective than VOC emission reductions in reducing ozone levels. The source attribution results from this study provide useful information on the important source categories and provide some initial guidance on future emission reduction strategies.
Implications: The relationship between emission reductions and changes in ozone can be studied using photochemical grid models, which are updated with new available information. This study was to update the previous Collet et al. studies by using the most current, at the time the study was done, models and inventory to conduct ozone source attribution and sensitivity studies. The source attribution results from this study provide useful information on the important source categories and provide some initial guidance on future emission reduction strategies. 相似文献
98.
Aniza K. Verma Avanish K. Srivastava Beer Singh Dilip Shah Smriti Shrivastava Chandra Kant P. Shinde 《Chemosphere》2013,90(8):2254-2260
1-(4-Chlorophenyl))-N-hydroxymethanimine and cyclohexyl-N-hydroxymethanimine were synthesized and a well-established oxime, i.e., 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride was purchased. Thereafter; all were loaded over Al2O3 using incipient wetness technique. The prepared systems were characterized using surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and thermogravimetric analyzer. Kinetics of the degradation of sarin (GB) and simulant, i.e. diethylchlorophosphate (DEClP) was studied over synthesized oxime impregnated Al2O3 and results were compared with well reported oxime impregnated Al2O3. Kinetics of reaction was found to be following the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. The order of reactivity of the prepared systems was found to be cyclohexyl-N-hydroxymethanimine/Al2O3 > 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxymethanimine/Al2O3 > 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride/Al2O3 > Al2O3. From the reaction kinetics it was observed that the reaction with DEClP was faster than with GB. Cyclohexyl-N-hydroxymethanimine/Al2O3 was found to be the most reactive system with half-life of 0.94 and 15 h for DEClP and GB respectively. 相似文献
99.
Robert?J.?PaxtonEmail author Luci?R.?Bego Mira?M.?Shah Sidnei?Mateus 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,53(3):174-181
Kin selection models of intracolonial conflict over the maternity of males predict that social hymenopteran workers should favour the production of sons and nephews over brothers when the effective mating frequency (me) of the queen is low (me<2) but that they should police other workers' reproductive efforts and favour the production of brothers when me>2. Stingless bees have been used to support these models in that me within the group is considered low and workers are thought often to monopolise the parentage of males. We genetically analysed 20 worker and 20 male pupae from each of 10 colonies of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica (= Scaptotrigona aff. depilis) using six microsatellite loci and demonstrate queen monandry in eight nests and apparent low me in the other two. However, four colonies contained an additional matriline, possibly due to queen supersedure (serial polygyny), which complicated their genetic structure. Across colonies, workers were responsible for the maternity of 13% of all males. These data are broadly in agreement with predictions from kin selection theory, though the question remains open as to why workers do not secure a greater share of male maternity in this and other stingless bee species in which workers are more closely related to nephews than brothers. 相似文献
100.
The Impact of NTFP Sales on Rural Households’ Cash Income in India’s Dry Deciduous Forest 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
In recent years, researchers and policy makers have recognized that nontimber forest products (NTFPs) extracted from forests by rural people can make a significant contribution to their well-being and to the local economy. This study presents and discusses data that describe the contribution of NTFPs to cash income in the dry deciduous forests of Orissa and Jharkhand, India. In its focus on cash income, this study sheds light on how the sale of NTFPs and products that use NTFPs as inputs contribute to the rural economy. From analysis of a unique data set that was collected over the course of a year, the study finds that the contribution of NTFPs to cash income varies across ecological settings, seasons, income level, and caste. Such variation should inform where and when to apply NTFP forest access and management policies. 相似文献